engKeller, Margaux FSaad, MohamadSchulte, ClaudiaLimousin, PatriciaLopez, GriselLorenz, DeliaMcNeill, AlisdairMoorby, CatrionaMoore, MatthewMorris, Huw RMorrison, Karen EMudanohwo, EseO'Sullivan, Sean SMoskvina, ValentinaPearson, JustinPerlmutter, Joel SPétursson, HjörvarPollak, PierrePost, BartPotter, SimonRavina, BernardRevesz, TamasRiess, OlafRivadeneira, FernandoDurr, AlexandraRizzu, PatriziaRyten, MinaSawcer, StephenSchapira, AnthonyScheffer, HansShaw, KarenShoulson, IraSidransky, EllenSmith, ColinSpencer, Chris C AHolmans, PeterStefánsson, HreinnSteinberg, StacyStockton, Joanna DStrange, AmyTalbot, KevinTanner, Carlie MTashakkori-Ghanbaria, AvazehTison, FrançoisTrabzuni, DaniahTraynor, Bryan JKilarski, Laura LUitterlinden, André GVelseboer, DaanVidailhet, MarieWalker, Robertvan de Warrenburg, BartWickremaratchi, MirdhuWilliams, NigelWilliams-Gray, Caroline HWinder-Rhodes, SophieStefánsson, KáriGuerreiro, RitaMartinez, MariaSabatier, PaulHardy, JohnBrice, AlexisSingleton, Andrew BWood, Nicholas WDonnelly, PeterBarroso, InesBlackwell, Jenefer MBramon, ElviraHernandez, Dena GBrown, Matthew ACasas, Juan PCorvin, AidenDeloukas, PanosDuncanson, AudreyJankowski, JanuszMarkus, Hugh SMathew, Christopher GPalmer, Colin N APlomin, RobertBrice, AlexisRautanen, AnnaSawcer, Stephen JTrembath, Richard CViswanathan, Ananth CWood, Nicholas WSpencer, Chris C ABand, GavinBellenguez, CélineFreeman, ColinHellenthal, GarrettYlikotila, PauliGiannoulatou, EleniPirinen, MattiPearson, RichardStrange, AmySu, ZhanVukcevic, DamjanDonnelly, PeterLangford, CordeliaHunt, Sarah EEdkins, SarahStefánsson, HreinnGwilliam, RhianBlackburn, HannahBumpstead, Suzannah JDronov, SergeGillman, MatthewGray, EmmaHammond, NaomiJayakumar, AlagurevathiMcCann, Owen TLiddle, JenniferBras, JoseMajamaa, KariPotter, Simon CRavindrarajah, RadhiRicketts, MichelleWaller, MatthewWeston, PaulWidaa, SaraWhittaker, PamelaBarroso, InesDeloukas, PanosMorris, Huw RWilliams, NigelGasser, ThomasHeutink, PeterWood, Nicholas WHardy, JohnMartinez, MariaSingleton, Andrew BNalls, Michael ABettella, FrancescoConsortium, International Parkinson's Disease Genomics2, Wellcome Trust Case Control ConsortiumKeller, Margaux FNalls, Michael APlagnol, VincentSheerin, Una-MarieSaad, MohamadSimón-Sánchez, JavierLesage, SuzanneSveinbjörnsdóttir, SigurlaugNicolaou, NayiaArepalli, SampathBen-Shlomo, YoavBerendse, Henk WBerg, DanielaBhatia, Kailashde Bie, Rob M ABiffi, AlessandroBloem, BasBochdanovits, ZoltanBonin, MichaelSimón-Sánchez, JavierBras, JoseBrockmann, KathrinBrooks, JanetBurn, David JCharlesworth, GavinChen, HongleiChinnery, Patrick FChong, SeanClarke, Carl ECookson, Mark RMittag, FlorianCooper, J MarkCorvol, Jean ChristopheCounsell, CarlDamier, PhilippeDartigues, Jean-FrançoisSegalen, VictorDeloukas, PanosDeuschl, GüntherDexter, David Tvan Dijk, Karin DBüchel, FinjaDillman, AllissaDurif, FrankMontpied, GabrielEdkins, SarahEvans, Jonathan RFoltynie, ThomasGao, JianjunGardner, MichelleGibbs, J RaphaelGoate, AlisonSharma, ManuGray, EmmaGuerreiro, RitaGústafsson, OmarHarris, Clarevan Hilten, Jacobus JHofman, AlbertHollenbeck, AlbertHolton, JaniceHu, MicheleHuang, XuemeiGibbs, J RaphaelHuber, HeikoHudson, GavinHunt, Sarah EHuttenlocher, JohannaIllig, ThomasJónsson, Pálmi VLambert, Jean-CharlesLangford, CordeliaLees, AndrewLichtner, PeterUsing genome-wide complex trait analysis to quantify 'missing heritability' in Parkinson's disease.info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/570AdultAgedAged, 80 and overEuropean Continental Ancestry Group: geneticsFemaleGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseGenetic VariationGenome-Wide Association StudyHumansMaleMiddle AgedMultifactorial InheritanceParkinson Disease: geneticsQuantitative Trait, HeritableGenome-wide association studies (GWASs) have been successful at identifying single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) highly associated with common traits; however, a great deal of the heritable variation associated with common traits remains unaccounted for within the genome. Genome-wide complex trait analysis (GCTA) is a statistical method that applies a linear mixed model to estimate phenotypic variance of complex traits explained by genome-wide SNPs, including those not associated with the trait in a GWAS. We applied GCTA to 8 cohorts containing 7096 case and 19 455 control individuals of European ancestry in order to examine the missing heritability present in Parkinson's disease (PD). We meta-analyzed our initial results to produce robust heritability estimates for PD types across cohorts. Our results identify 27% (95% CI 17-38, P = 8.08E - 08) phenotypic variance associated with all types of PD, 15% (95% CI -0.2 to 33, P = 0.09) phenotypic variance associated with early-onset PD and 31% (95% CI 17-44, P = 1.34E - 05) phenotypic variance associated with late-onset PD. This is a substantial increase from the genetic variance identified by top GWAS hits alone (between 3 and 5%) and indicates there are substantially more risk loci to be identified. Our results suggest that although GWASs are a useful tool in identifying the most common variants associated with complex disease, a great deal of common variants of small effect remain to be discovered.Human molecular genetics 21(22), 4996-5009 (2012). doi:10.1093/hmg/dds335info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionOxford Univ. Press2012info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessDEhttps://pub.dzne.de/record/136668https://pub.dzne.de/search?p=id:%22DZNE-2020-02990%22Researchersinfo:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/1460-2083info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/0964-6906info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pmid/pmid:22892372info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1093/hmg/dds335