engPietsch, Torsten[Neuropathology of medulloblastomas and other CNS embryonal tumors : Precision diagnostics through the integration of genetic markers].info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/610Cerebellar NeoplasmsGenetic MarkersHumansMedulloblastomaNeoplasms, Germ Cell and EmbryonalNeuropathologyGenetic MarkersThe revised WHO classification of tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) in 2016 introduced the concept of the 'integrated diagnosis.' The definition of medulloblastoma entities now requires a combination of traditional histological information with additional molecular/genetic features. To define the histopathological component of the medulloblastoma diagnosis, tumors have to be assigned to one of the four histological entities: classic, desmoplastic/nodular (DNMB), extensive nodular (MBEN), or large cell/anaplastic (LC/A) medulloblastoma. The genetically defined component is one of the four entities: 'WNT activated', 'SHH activated and TP53 wildtype', 'SHH activated and TP53 mutant', or 'non-WNT/non-SHH medulloblastoma.' Robust and validated methods are available that allow a precise diagnosis of these medulloblastoma entities according to the updated WHO classification and for differential diagnostic purposes. An immunohistochemical analysis of protein markers including ß‑Catenin, Yap1, p75-NGFR, Otx2 and p53, in combination with targeted sequencing and chromosomal copy number assessment (such as FISH analysis for MYC genes), allows a precise stratification of patients for risk-adapted treatment. The group of other embryonic tumors of the central nervous system includes embryonic tumors with multilayered rosettes (ETMR), which frequently carry an amplification of the micro-RNA cluster C19MC and the (ganglio-)neuroblastomas of the CNS. These rare tumors can also be identified by characteristic genetic and immunophenotypic features.Der Pathologe 40(2), 140-147 (2019). doi:10.1007/s00292-019-0580-9info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionSpringer2019info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessDEhttps://pub.dzne.de/record/140637https://pub.dzne.de/search?p=id:%22DZNE-2020-06959%22Researchersinfo:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1007/s00292-019-0580-9info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/1432-1963info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pmid/pmid:30790012info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/0172-8113