279183 20260107144937.0 10.1038/s44220-023-00173-2 doi altmetric:158282989 altmetric DZNE-2025-00711 610 Bruin, Willem B. 0 Brain-based classification of youth with anxiety disorders: transdiagnostic examinations within the ENIGMA-Anxiety database using machine learning London 2024 Nature Publishing Group UK article DRIVER Output Types/Journal article DataCite Journal Article journal journal PUB:(DE-HGF)16 1751967040_3178 PUB:(DE-HGF) ARTICLE BibTeX JOURNAL_ARTICLE ORCID Journal Article 0 EndNote Neuroanatomical findings on youth anxiety disorders are notoriously difficult to replicate, small in effect size and have limited clinical relevance. These concerns have prompted a paradigm shift toward highly powered (that is, big data) individual-level inferences, which are data driven, transdiagnostic and neurobiologically informed. Here we built and validated supervised neuroanatomical machine learning models for individual-level inferences, using a case–control design and the largest known neuroimaging database on youth anxiety disorders: the ENIGMA-Anxiety Consortium (N = 3,343; age = 10–25 years; global sites = 32). Modest, yet robust, brain-based classifications were achieved for specific anxiety disorders (panic disorder), but also transdiagnostically for all anxiety disorders when patients were subgrouped according to their sex, medication status and symptom severity (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.59–0.63). Classifications were driven by neuroanatomical features (cortical thickness, cortical surface area and subcortical volumes) in fronto-striato-limbic and temporoparietal regions. This benchmark study within a large, heterogeneous and multisite sample of youth with anxiety disorders reveals that only modest classification performances can be realistically achieved with machine learning using neuroanatomical data. 353 - Clinical and Health Care Research (POF4-353) G:(DE-HGF)POF4-353 POF4-353 POF IV 0 Dataset connected to CrossRef, Journals: pub.dzne.de Zhutovsky, Paul 1 van Wingen, Guido A. 2 Bas-Hoogendam, Janna Marie 3 Groenewold, Nynke A. 4 Hilbert, Kevin 5 Winkler, Anderson M. 6 Zugman, Andre 7 Agosta, Federica 8 Åhs, Fredrik 9 Andreescu, Carmen 10 Antonacci, Chase 11 Asami, Takeshi 12 Assaf, Michal 13 Barber, Jacques P. 14 Bauer, Jochen 15 Bavdekar, Shreya Y. 16 Beesdo-Baum, Katja 17 Benedetti, Francesco 18 Bernstein, Rachel 19 Björkstrand, Johannes 20 Blair, Robert J. 21 Blair, Karina S. 22 Blanco-Hinojo, Laura 23 Böhnlein, Joscha 24 Brambilla, Paolo 25 Bressan, Rodrigo A. 26 Breuer, Fabian 27 Cano, Marta 28 Canu, Elisa 29 Cardinale, Elise M. 30 Cardoner, Narcís 31 Cividini, Camilla 32 Cremers, Henk 33 Dannlowski, Udo 34 Diefenbach, Gretchen J. 35 Domschke, Katharina 36 Doruyter, Alexander G. G. 37 Dresler, Thomas 38 Erhardt, Angelika 39 Filippi, Massimo 40 Fonzo, Gregory A. 41 Freitag, Gabrielle F. 42 Furmark, Tomas 43 Ge, Tian 44 Gerber, Andrew J. 45 Gosnell, Savannah N. 46 Grabe, Hans P:(DE-2719)2811781 47 dzne Grotegerd, Dominik 48 Gur, Ruben C. 49 Gur, Raquel E. 50 Hamm, Alfons O. 51 Han, Laura K. M. 52 Harper, Jennifer C. 53 Harrewijn, Anita 54 Heeren, Alexandre 55 Hofmann, David 56 Jackowski, Andrea P. 57 Jahanshad, Neda 58 Jett, Laura 59 Kaczkurkin, Antonia N. 60 Khosravi, Parmis 61 Kingsley, Ellen N. 62 Kircher, Tilo 63 Kostic, Milutin 64 Larsen, Bart 65 Lee, Sang-Hyuk 66 Leehr, Elisabeth J. 67 Leibenluft, Ellen 68 Lochner, Christine 69 Lui, Su 70 Maggioni, Eleonora 71 Manfro, Gisele G. 72 Månsson, Kristoffer N. T. 73 Marino, Claire E. 74 Meeten, Frances 75 Milrod, Barbara 76 Jovanovic, Ana Munjiza 77 Mwangi, Benson 78 Myers, Michael J. 79 Neufang, Susanne 80 Nielsen, Jared A. 81 Ohrmann, Patricia A. 82 Ottaviani, Cristina 83 Paulus, Martin P. 84 Perino, Michael T. 85 Phan, K. Luan 86 Poletti, Sara 87 Porta-Casteràs, Daniel 88 Pujol, Jesus 89 Reinecke, Andrea 90 Ringlein, Grace V. 91 Rjabtsenkov, Pavel 92 Roelofs, Karin 93 Salas, Ramiro 94 Salum, Giovanni A. 95 Satterthwaite, Theodore D. 96 Schrammen, Elisabeth 97 Sindermann, Lisa 98 Smoller, Jordan W. 99 Soares, Jair C. 100 Stark, Rudolf 101 Stein, Frederike 102 Straube, Thomas 103 Straube, Benjamin 104 Strawn, Jeffrey R. 105 Suarez-Jimenez, Benjamin 106 Sylvester, Chad M. 107 Talati, Ardesheer 108 Thomopoulos, Sophia I. 109 Tükel, Raşit 110 van Nieuwenhuizen, Helena 111 Werwath, Kathryn 112 Wittfeld, Katharina P:(DE-2719)2810491 113 dzne Wright, Barry 114 Wu, Mon-Ju 115 Yang, Yunbo 116 Zilverstand, Anna 117 Zwanzger, Peter 118 Blackford, Jennifer U. 119 Avery, Suzanne N. 120 Clauss, Jacqueline A. 121 Lueken, Ulrike 122 Thompson, Paul M. 123 Pine, Daniel S. 124 Stein, Dan J. 125 van der Wee, Nic J. A. 126 Veltman, Dick J. 127 Aghajani, Moji 0000-0003-2040-4881 128 10.1038/s44220-023-00173-2 Vol. 2, no. 1, p. 104 - 118 PERI:(DE-600)3123130-5 1 104 - 118 Nature Mental Health 2 2024 2731-6076 http://pub.dzne.de/record/279183/files/DZNE-2025-00711%20SUP1.pdf http://pub.dzne.de/record/279183/files/DZNE-2025-00711%20SUP2.pdf http://pub.dzne.de/record/279183/files/DZNE-2025-00711_Restricted.pdf http://pub.dzne.de/record/279183/files/DZNE-2025-00711_Restricted.pdf?subformat=pdfa pdfa http://pub.dzne.de/record/279183/files/DZNE-2025-00711%20SUP1.pdf?subformat=pdfa pdfa http://pub.dzne.de/record/279183/files/DZNE-2025-00711%20SUP2.pdf?subformat=pdfa pdfa oai:pub.dzne.de:279183 VDB External Institute I:(DE-HGF)0 Extern 47 P:(DE-2719)2811781 Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen I:(DE-588)1065079516 DZNE 113 P:(DE-2719)2810491 DE-HGF Gesundheit Neurodegenerative Diseases G:(DE-HGF)POF4-350 G:(DE-HGF)POF4-353 G:(DE-HGF)POF4 G:(DE-HGF)POF4-300 G:(DE-HGF)POF Clinical and Health Care Research 0 2024 DEAL Nature StatID:(DE-HGF)3003 StatID 2024-12-20 ger DBCoverage StatID:(DE-HGF)0300 StatID Medline 2024-12-20 I:(DE-2719)5000001 AG Grabe Biomarkers of Dementia in the General Population 0 journal VDB I:(DE-2719)5000001 UNRESTRICTED