285779 20260331143405.0 10.1162/IMAG.a.1168 doi pmid:41878270 pmid pmc:PMC13007388 pmc DZNE-2026-00315 English 610 Bisten, Justus 0009-0007-8024-0803 0 RapidParc: A global-context transformer for parallel, accurate, and lesion-robust tractogram parcellation. Cambridge, MA 2026 MIT Press article DRIVER Output Types/Journal article DataCite Journal Article journal journal PUB:(DE-HGF)16 1774960246_14966 PUB:(DE-HGF) ARTICLE BibTeX JOURNAL_ARTICLE ORCID Journal Article 0 EndNote Whole-brain diffusion MRI tractography produces tractograms, dense sets of streamlines that represent white matter architecture. Structural connectivity studies and clinical pipelines often involve tractogram parcellation, a process in which each streamline is assigned to an anatomical bundle or identified as a false positive. Recent advances made tractogram parcellation registration-free, considering the computational effort of registration, and the challenges posed by the registration of pathological cases. We introduce RapidParc, a novel transformer-based method for registration-free tractogram parcellation. RapidParc treats each streamline as a token and processes many of them in parallel. This way, they serve as a global context for each other, permitting accurate classification while the high level of parallelism leads to rapid computation. Our design is two orders of magnitude faster than TractCloud, a recent state-of-the-art method for registration-free parcellation, and supports CPU-only inference, while achieving even slightly higher accuracy. Comparing RapidParc to TractCloud in a cohort of 22 individuals post-hemispherotomy and 30 individuals after selective amygdalohippocampectomy (sAH), it generalizes better to structurally altered anatomy, even when trained exclusively on data from healthy controls. This intrinsic robustness is further improved by applying a novel augmentation strategy during training. Finally, we investigate the main factors that contribute to that improved generalization. Our results highlight the importance of robust tractogram centering in registration-free approaches. They also suggest that constructing a local context for each streamline, on which TractCloud spends considerable computational resources, does not appear to contribute to its accuracy. 354 - Disease Prevention and Healthy Aging (POF4-354) G:(DE-HGF)POF4-354 POF4-354 POF IV 0 Dataset connected to CrossRef, PubMed, , Journals: pub.dzne.de and lesion robustness Other diffusion MRI Other hemispherotomy Other streamline classification Other tractography segmentation Other white matter bundles Other von Bornhaupt, Valentin 0009-0005-2371-1459 1 Grün, Johannes 0000-0002-9154-3929 2 Bauer, Tobias P:(DE-2719)9002598 3 dzne Rüber, Theodor 0000-0002-6180-7671 4 Schultz, Thomas 0000-0002-1200-7248 5 10.1162/IMAG.a.1168 Vol. 4, p. IMAG.a.1168 PERI:(DE-600)3167925-0 IMAG.a.1168 Imaging neuroscience 4 2026 2837-6056 http://pub.dzne.de/record/285779/files/DZNE-2026-00315.pdf Restricted http://pub.dzne.de/record/285779/files/DZNE-2026-00315.pdf?subformat=pdfa pdfa Restricted Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen I:(DE-588)1065079516 DZNE 3 P:(DE-2719)9002598 Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen I:(DE-588)1065079516 DZNE 4 0000-0002-6180-7671 DE-HGF Gesundheit Neurodegenerative Diseases G:(DE-HGF)POF4-350 G:(DE-HGF)POF4-354 G:(DE-HGF)POF4 G:(DE-HGF)POF4-300 G:(DE-HGF)POF Disease Prevention and Healthy Aging 0 DBCoverage StatID:(DE-HGF)0200 StatID SCOPUS 2025-11-05 DBCoverage StatID:(DE-HGF)0300 StatID Medline 2025-11-05 DBCoverage StatID:(DE-HGF)0320 StatID PubMed Central 2025-11-05 DBCoverage StatID:(DE-HGF)0501 StatID DOAJ Seal 2024-09-26T09:40:26Z DBCoverage StatID:(DE-HGF)0500 StatID DOAJ 2024-09-26T09:40:26Z Peer Review StatID:(DE-HGF)0030 StatID DOAJ : Anonymous peer review 2024-09-26T09:40:26Z Creative Commons Attribution CC BY (No Version) LIC:(DE-HGF)CCBYNV V:(DE-HGF) DOAJ 2024-09-26T09:40:26Z DBCoverage StatID:(DE-HGF)0199 StatID Clarivate Analytics Master Journal List 2025-11-05 WoS StatID:(DE-HGF)0112 StatID Emerging Sources Citation Index 2025-11-05 DBCoverage StatID:(DE-HGF)0150 StatID Web of Science Core Collection 2025-11-05 Article Processing Charges StatID:(DE-HGF)0561 StatID 2025-11-05 Fees StatID:(DE-HGF)0700 StatID 2025-11-05 I:(DE-2719)1013026 AG Stöcker MR Physics 0 journal EDITORS VDBINPRINT I:(DE-2719)1013026 UNRESTRICTED