285916 20260407160435.0 10.1038/s41582-025-01180-w doi pmid:41927938 pmid 1759-4758 ISSN 1745-834X ISSN 1745-8358 ISSN 1759-4766 ISSN DZNE-2026-00362 English 610 Scheitz, Jan F P:(DE-2719)9001514 0 Bidirectional brain-heart interactions in health and disease. London 2026 Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature article DRIVER Output Types/Journal article DataCite Journal Article journal journal PUB:(DE-HGF)16 1775570526_5946 PUB:(DE-HGF) Review Article ARTICLE BibTeX JOURNAL_ARTICLE ORCID Journal Article 0 EndNote The brain and heart constantly communicate with each other to adapt to changes in the environment. In recent years, we have seen increasing recognition that brain-heart interactions influence many cognitive and behavioural functions, and that disturbances in this bidirectional relationship can have detrimental effects on both organs. Clinically, such disturbances can manifest as cardiac dysfunction following acute psychological stress or a brain injury such as acute ischaemic stroke, or as cognitive disorders in patients with acute or chronic heart disease. In this Review, we provide an overview of the physiological interaction between the heart and the brain and show how injury or dysfunction in one of these organs can lead to dysfunction in the other. We describe the current state of knowledge on neuronal correlates and humoral mediators of brain-heart interactions, as well as state-of-the-art methods for studying these interactions. We highlight the clinical implications of disturbances in physiological brain-heart communication for various clinical conditions, including Takotsubo syndrome resulting from emotional stress or from brain disorders, cardiac complications after stroke (so-called stroke-heart syndrome), and cognitive dysfunction in patients with cardiac diseases such as heart failure and atrial fibrillation. In addition, we address sex and gender differences in this bidirectional relationship. 353 - Clinical and Health Care Research (POF4-353) G:(DE-HGF)POF4-353 POF4-353 POF IV 0 Dataset connected to CrossRef, PubMed, , Journals: pub.dzne.de Humans MeSH Brain: physiology MeSH Brain: physiopathology MeSH Heart Diseases: physiopathology MeSH Heart: physiology MeSH Heart: physiopathology MeSH Animals MeSH Stress, Psychological: physiopathology MeSH Villringer, Arno 1 Mikail, Nidaa 2 Gebhard, Catherine 3 Endres, Matthias P:(DE-2719)2811033 4 Last author 10.1038/s41582-025-01180-w Vol. 22, no. 4, p. 209 - 225 PERI:(DE-600)2491518-X 4 209 - 225 Nature reviews / Neurology 22 2026 1759-4758 http://pub.dzne.de/record/285916/files/DZNE-2026-00362_Restricted.pdf http://pub.dzne.de/record/285916/files/DZNE-2026-00362_Restricted.pdf?subformat=pdfa pdfa Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen I:(DE-588)1065079516 DZNE 4 P:(DE-2719)2811033 DE-HGF Gesundheit Neurodegenerative Diseases G:(DE-HGF)POF4-350 G:(DE-HGF)POF4-353 G:(DE-HGF)POF4 G:(DE-HGF)POF4-300 G:(DE-HGF)POF Clinical and Health Care Research 0 Nationallizenz StatID:(DE-HGF)0420 StatID 2025-01-02 ger DEAL Nature StatID:(DE-HGF)3003 StatID 2025-01-02 ger DBCoverage StatID:(DE-HGF)0200 StatID SCOPUS 2025-01-02 DBCoverage StatID:(DE-HGF)0300 StatID Medline 2025-01-02 DBCoverage StatID:(DE-HGF)0600 StatID Ebsco Academic Search 2025-01-02 Peer Review StatID:(DE-HGF)0030 StatID ASC 2025-01-02 DBCoverage StatID:(DE-HGF)0199 StatID Clarivate Analytics Master Journal List 2025-01-02 DBCoverage StatID:(DE-HGF)0160 StatID Essential Science Indicators 2025-01-02 DBCoverage StatID:(DE-HGF)1110 StatID Current Contents - Clinical Medicine 2025-01-02 WoS StatID:(DE-HGF)0113 StatID Science Citation Index Expanded 2025-01-02 DBCoverage StatID:(DE-HGF)0150 StatID Web of Science Core Collection 2025-01-02 I:(DE-2719)1811005 AG Endres Interdisciplinary Dementia Research 0 journal EDITORS VDBINPRINT I:(DE-2719)1811005 UNRESTRICTED