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Postoperative delirium (POD) is a frequent and severe complication after cardiac surgery that is associated with increased risk of dementia and adverse outcomes. Early identification of high-risk patients remains challenging.To examine whether preoperative plasma Alzheimer disease biomarkers are associated with baseline cognition and can independently estimate POD in patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery.This prospective, observational cohort study (FIND Delirium Risk Factors [FINDERI]) included patients 50 years or older undergoing elective cardiac surgery at a comprehensive cardiac surgery center in Germany between February 1, 2021, and October 31, 2022. [...]

What makes some people willing to help strangers at a personal cost, while others are more hesitant or selective? Early life adversity - such as neglect or abuse - may shape how we respond to strangers in need later in life, yet the underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear. In this study we tested whether the neuropeptide oxytocin, a key modulator for a rich repertoire of social behaviours, influences altruistic decisions in adults with different childhood experiences. [...]

Protecting hippocampal structures, such as the cornu ammonis 3 and dentate gyrus (CA3/DG), that are tied to mnemonic discrimination could be a promising approach to mitigate the age-related decline in episodic memory. This study examines the potential benefits of cognitive and physical engagement, specifically language learning and moderate aerobic exercise, for maintaining hippocampal subfield integrity and memory performance. [...]

Auger-electron-emitting radionuclides offer a distinctive route toward molecular-scale radiotherapy because their biological effects depend primarily on the nanoscale location of the decay event rather than on long-range tissue penetration. This review examines Auger-emitting radionuclides from a radiopharmaceutical perspective, integrating decay-associated physicochemical processes, cellular dosimetry, subcellular targeting, and translational relevance. [...]

Cerebrospinal fluid amyloid beta 42, total tau, and phosphorylated tau 181 are well accepted markers of Alzheimer's disease. These biomarkers better reflect disease pathogenesis compared to clinical diagnosis. [...]

Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor-related adult-onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia (CSF1R-ALSP) is a rare, fatal, autosomal-dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by pathogenic CSF1R variants and characterized by progressive cognitive, neuropsychiatric, and motor dysfunction, white matter lesions on brain imaging, and white matter demyelination, swollen axons, and pigmented glial cells on pathology. Limited data regarding clinical, biofluid or radiological biomarkers of disease severity are available, and no clinical trial endpoints have yet been validated. [...]

The optimal monitoring strategy for atrial fibrillation (AF) detection after transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) is uncertain, as existing evidence is largely derived from ischemic stroke or mixed stroke-TIA populations. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the rate of newly diagnosed AF in TIA patients using different electrocardiographic monitoring modalities and durations.A literature search from 1966 through 31 May 2025 was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines using a protocol registered on PROSPERO (CRD420251075716). [...]

Introduction: Progress in spine surgery has significantly improved the safety of procedures for older patients with disabling spine disease. However, postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) remains a concern due to their link with poorer outcomes and higher long-term care risk. [...]

Lawrence Weed introduced the 'Problem-Oriented Medical Records' (POMR) approach to medicine. Its core principle is that treatment should be organised around patients' specific problems. [...]

Wearable technology allows accurate measurement of turning while walking, with cross-sectional studies indicating that difficulty turning presents even in preclinical phases of Parkinson's disease. The aim of our study was to quantify rate of change of turning performance in a cohort of older adults, and test whether turning decline can predict future diagnosis of Parkinson's disease.A total of 1,051 participants from the Tübingen Evaluation of Risk Factors for Early Detection of Neurodegeneration (TREND) study were included for a 5-visit analysis over 10 years, with development of clinically evident Parkinson's disease tracked. [...]