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Hemispheric asymmetries in NMDAR-dependent synaptic plasticity have been described in hippocampal area CA1, but it remains unclear whether similar lateralized mechanisms exist for cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent plasticity. Here, we investigated whether cAMP-mediated potentiation of synaptic transmission in mouse CA1 exhibits hemisphere-specific properties. [...]

Previous studies have shown benefits through non-pharmacological interventions for people with dementia. Non-medical activities (i.e., activities outside the medical sector) may have similar effect. [...]

The advent of disease-modifying treatments and risk-reduction strategies in the clinic have increased the demand for biomarkers for early disease detection, prediction of clinical course of disease, individual risk prediction and monitoring of treatment effects. The studies in this special issue span ultra-sensitive fluid assays and automated laboratory platforms, structural and molecular neuroimaging, electrophysiology, digital cognitive and behavioral monitoring, multi-omics, neuromodulation, and the computational frameworks necessary to integrate these diverse data..

Kappa free light chains (KFLC) are a surrogate parameter for intrathecal immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin A (IgA) synthesis confirming neuroinflammation in the central nervous system (CNS). It is unclear whether KFLC can differentiate primary psychiatric disorders from neural autoantibody-associated psychiatric syndromes.We enrolled 76 patients with psychiatric diagnoses ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision) (F00-09, F10-19, F20-29, F30-39, F40-49) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as well as blood samples from our biobank. [...]

To examine through a social health lens the unmet needs of people affected by dementia, which includes people with dementia, their informal and formal (or professional) caregivers. 'Unmet needs' was conceptualised as inaccessible or a lack of appropriate interventions to address identified problems.A scoping review of reviews was conducted. [...]

BackgroundCognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD) often includes speech impairments, where subtle changes may precede clinical dementia onset. As clinical trials focus on early identification of patients for disease-modifying treatments, digital speech-based assessments for scalable screening have become crucial.ObjectiveThis study aimed to validate a remote, speech-based digital cognitive assessment for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) detection through the comparison with gold-standard paper-based neurocognitive assessments.MethodsWithin the PROSPECT-AD project, speech and clinical data were obtained from the German DELCODE and DESCRIBE cohorts, including 21 healthy controls (HC), 110 participants with subjective cognitive decline (SCD), and 59 with MCI. [...]

BackgroundThe early detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD) requires an understanding of the relationships between a wide range of features. Conditional independencies and partial correlations are suitable measures for these relationships, because they can identify the effects of confounding and mediating variables.ObjectiveTo estimate conditional dependencies and partial correlations between relevant features in AD using a Bayesian approach to Gaussian copula graphical models (GCGMs). [...]

BackgroundConvolutional neural network (CNN) based volumetry of MRI data can help differentiate Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) as causes of cognitive decline and dementia. However, existing CNN-based MRI volumetry tools lack a structured hierarchical representation of brain anatomy, which would allow for aggregating regional pathological information and automated computational inference.ObjectiveDevelop a computational ontology pipeline for quantifying hierarchical pathological abnormalities and visualize summary charts for brain atrophy findings, aiding differential diagnosis.MethodsUsing FastSurfer, we segmented brain regions and measured volume and cortical thickness from MRI scans pooled across multiple cohorts (N = 3433; ADNI, AIBL, DELCODE, DESCRIBE, EDSD, and NIFD), including healthy controls, prodromal and clinical AD cases, and bvFTD cases. [...]

Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis has been based largely on clinical symptoms, despite their limited sensitivity and specificity. Biomarker use was proposed to support a more accurate and timely diagnosis. [...]

In the general population, cognitive impairment and dementia are more common in individuals with prior myocardial injury, defined as elevated levels of high-sensitive cardiac troponin (hs-cTn). In stroke patients, data on the link between myocardial injury and cognitive outcome are scarce. [...]