Documents in Process

Objective.Deep brain stimulation is an established therapy for neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease, but its underlying mechanisms and tissue effects remain incompletely understood. A particular challenge arises from the foreign body response to implanted electrodes, which leads to scar formation and encapsulation, altering the electrical properties of the surrounding tissue. [...]

The Lifestyle for Brain Health (LIBRA) index evaluates modifiable dementia risk, mainly in midlife and older adults. We examined the frequency of LIBRA factors and their individual and combined associations with cognitive functioning across adulthood (20-75 years), considering age, sex, and socioeconomic status (SES).Data came from the population-based German National Cohort (NAKO baseline; n = 149,948). [...]

Early detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is critical for timely intervention as disease-modifying treatments emerge. Speech-based digital biomarkers offer scalable options for remotely capturing speech-derived functional changes associated with early cognitive decline, but validation across real-world populations remains limited.We evaluated the speech biomarker for cognition (SB-C), an automated speech-derived measure associated with cognitive status, in 736 participants across five European cohorts (Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center's Alzheimer's at-risk cohort, European Prevention of Alzheimer's Dementia Scotland, Dementia Study of Cognitive and Biomarker Dynamics, Longitudinal Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Study, and Biomarkers for Identifying Neurodegenerative Disorders Early and Reliably [BioFINDER-Primary Care]). [...]

Autoantibodies against leucine-rich glioma inactivated 1 protein (LGI1) lead to limbic encephalitis, a rare neurological autoimmune disorder characterized by faciobrachial dystonic seizures and memory deficits. While animal models provide precious insights into the mechanisms of LGI1 autoantibody action, species-specific confirmation is lacking. [...]

White matter hyperintensity (WMH) segmentation using BIANCA (Brain Intensity AbNormality Classification Algorithm) in stroke populations is complicated by vascular lesions that share T2-hyperintense signal characteristics with WMH. Whether preprocessing decisions in the treatment of lesions affect segmentation accuracy has not yet been systematically evaluated in cerebrovascular cohorts involving multiple scanners.We compared fixed probability thresholds and locally adaptive thresholding with LOCATE (LOCally Adaptive Threshold Estimation), and three lesion-handling approaches: lesions present (non removed), replaced with zero intensities (removed), and replaced with normal-appearing white matter intensities (NAWM; inpainted), using the BeLOVE cohort (Berlin Longterm Observation of Vascular Events) and the WMH Segmentation Challenge dataset. [...]

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a major mood disorder influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. While DNA methylation from peripheral tissues can reflect both genetic and environmental influences and reveal insights into disease biology, it remains understudied in BD. [...]

This case highlights a diagnostic challenge in a 63-year-old female with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) in the right parieto-occipital brain region. While the patient exhibited minor memory deficits with preserved daily function, a tau-PET scan using [18F]PI-2620 was performed to evaluate possible underlying tauopathy. [...]

This case study reports a diagnostically complex scenario involving a 77-year-old female who initially presented with mild memory complaints. Over the course of one year, she exhibited significant cognitive decline, with MMSE scores dropping from 27/30 to 20/30. [...]

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infects approximately 90–95% of the global population1,2 and persists in B cells as a lifelong infection3. Previous EBV infection is associated with autoimmune and neoplastic disease4. [...]