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N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant transcriptional modification in eukaryotic RNA, regulating RNA fate. While the functions of m6A in the development of the mammalian brain have been extensively studied, its role in synaptic plasticity, and brain function remain underexplored. [...]

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has proven highly effective in relapsed and refractory large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL). However, it remains unclear how to identify potential nonresponders before infusion. [...]

X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism (XDP) is a neurodegenerative genetic disorder with striatal pathology. We investigated 138 participants (61 patients with XDP, 19 non-manifesting carriers (NMC), and 58 healthy controls (HC)) with transcranial sonography (TCS) to determine the hyperechogenicity of the lentiform nucleus (LN+), the size of the substantia nigra, and the width of the lateral and third ventricles. [...]

Synaptic vesicle protein 2A (SV2A) is a universal marker of synaptic density. Recent advances in SV2A-targeted radiotracers have opened new windows into synaptic imaging. [...]

Segmenting anatomical regions is a crucial step in many diffusion-weighted MRI (dMRI) workflows, such as region-of-interest analysis or anatomically-constrained tractography, which enable in vivo studies of brain microstructure and connectivity. However, convolutional neural networks (CNNs)-the foundation of most state-of-the-art segmentation models-require structured inputs with a fixed number of channels. [...]

Besides motor brain regions, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) affects non-motor regions such as front temporal regions, affecting various cognitive domains.We performed a behavioral study using the attention network test (ANT) to examine two components of attention (alerting, executive condition) and two degrees of difficulty (conflict condition) in 27 patients with ALS with no reported symptoms suggestive of cognitive impairment and 26 matched control participants.Using a modified ANT that accounted for ALS-induced motor impairment by focusing on relative reaction times, we could demonstrate its feasibility even in severely paralyzed patients. Relative reaction time differences were comparable to controls, demonstrating the task's ability to correct for motor bias. [...]

In this article, we outline the ongoing conceptual transition of Parkinson disease (PD) from a clinically defined syndrome to a biologically defined disorder. We synthesize recent advances in neuropathology, genetics, and biomarker research, with particular emphasis on the central role of molecular imaging within emerging biology-based frameworks. [...]

Serum neurofilament light and heavy chains (sNfL and sNfH) have been assessed as neuronal markers for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and dementias. Whereas sNfL has robust literature, systematic studies on sNfH are lacking. [...]

Background Differentiating progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) from Parkinson disease and other parkinsonisms is challenging. MRI measures have been investigated, but most studies included small samples, limiting result reliability [...]

The NLRP3 inflammasome contributes to a wide range of conditions from infections to Alzheimer's disease. NLRP3 forms an inactive decameric cage, that upon interaction with the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and microtubule organization center (MTOC), leads to inflammasome activation, yet whether non-decamer NLRP3 species form functional inflammasomes remains unclear. [...]