Documents in Process

The gold standard of person-centred dementia care in nursing homes is required by international guidelines. Nevertheless, the implementation of this approach remains challenging. [...]

Perivascular spaces (PVS), when abnormally enlarged and visible in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) structural sequences, are important imaging markers of cerebral small vessel disease and potential indicators of neurodegenerative conditions. Despite their clinical significance, automatic enlarged PVS (EPVS) segmentation remains challenging due to their small size, variable morphology, similarity with other pathological features, and limited annotated datasets. [...]

Modeling of cardiac pathologies in tissue-engineered models is coming of age. Two independent studies by Reid et al.1 and Tani et al.2 present in-depth multi-phenomics data from a human cardiac organoid (hCO) model and explore hCOs and engineered heart tissues (EHTs) for modeling of diastolic dysfunction..

People with dementia and their caregivers regularly face unmet needs, not only in dementia care, but also in self-care, education, training, and the use of digital tools. National dementia policies, clinical guidelines, and best practices can improve dementia care and quality of life across Europe. [...]

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a severe mental health condition influenced by environmental risk factors (for example, interpersonal trauma) and genetic factors. We conducted the largest genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis of BPD so far, with a discovery sample of 12,339 cases and 1,041,717 controls, and a replication study of 685 cases and 107,750 controls (all participants of European ancestry). [...]

Schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) are associated with an elevated risk of violent and offending behavior; however, the specific contribution of delusional content remains insufficiently understood. Prior research has yielded inconsistent findings regarding the relationship between particular psychopathological symptoms and delusional themes and criminal behavior. [...]

Executive functions (EFs) are meta-cognitive abilities that orchestrate goal-directed behavior (i.e., set-shifting, working memory, and inhibitory control). Despite their strong genetic composition, the development of EFs is shaped by environmental exposures - as maternal distress, perinatal hypoxia, household dysfunction, neglection - which have varying degrees of impact depending on the duration or severity of the exposure, sensitive neurodevelopmental periods, and individual resiliency. [...]

Isolated rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) is a prodromal phase of Lewy body diseases and linked to a high risk for cognitive decline. Therefore, iRBD provides a suitable window for early intervention.In the monocentric randomized controlled trial 'Cognitive Training & a Healthy, Active Lifestyle Program for People with Isolated REM Sleep Behaviour Disorder' (CogTrAiL-RBD), the feasibility and behavioral effects of a 5-week digital, adaptive, multidomain cognitive training alongside a module promoting a healthy lifestyle (INT) were compared to a waiting-list control group (CON) in 82 individuals with polysomnography-confirmed iRBD. [...]

We examined whether locus coeruleus (LC) contrast, an indirect proxy for neuronal density and structural health, was related to delayed episodic memory in healthy older adults (OAs) and those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and its association with encoding-related brain activity, controlling for emotional salience.Participants (27 younger adults, 26 OAs, and 24 MCI) memorized emotional and neutral images during functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Delayed memory was tested after 4 h and compared to immediate memory. [...]

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a rapidly progressive, fatal neurodegenerative disease. Patients with ALS are at increased risk of developing depressive symptoms. [...]