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000284093 1001_ $$aFreire, R. H.$$b0
000284093 245__ $$aWheat gluten intake increases weight gain and adiposity associated with reduced thermogenesis and energy expenditure in an animal model of obesity
000284093 260__ $$aAvenel, NJ$$bNature Publ. Group$$c2016
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000284093 520__ $$aThe association between gluten and body weight is inconsistent. Previously, we showed that a gluten-free diet reduces weight gain without changing food intake in mice fed high-fat diets. In the present study, we investigated the effects of gluten intake on fat metabolism, thermogenesis and energy expenditure in mice fed a standard or high-fat diet.Mice were fed four different experimental diets during 8 weeks: a control-standard diet (CD), a CD added with 4.5% of wheat gluten (CD-G), a high-fat diet (HFD) and a HFD added with 4.5% of wheat gluten (HFD-G). After 8 weeks, the mice received (99m)Tc-radiolabeled gluten orally to study gluten absorption and biodistribution or they underwent indirect calorimetry. After killing, subcutaneous and brown adipose tissues (SAT and BAT) were collected to assess thermogenesis-related protein expression. Lipid metabolism was studied in adipocyte cultures from the four groups.Despite having had the same energy intake, CD-G and HFD-G mice exhibited increased body weight and fat deposits compared with their respective controls. (99m)Tc-GLU or its peptides were detected in the blood, liver and visceral adipose tissue, suggesting that gluten can even reach extraintestinal organs. Uncoupling protein-1 expression was reduced in the BAT of HFD-G and in the SAT of CD-G and HFD-G mice. Indirect calorimetry showed lower oxygen volume consumption in CD-G and HFD-G groups compared with their controls. In HFD mice, daily energy expenditure was reduced with gluten intake. Gluten also reduced adiponectin, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α and PPARγ and hormone-sensitive lipase in cultures of isolated adipocytes from HFD mice, whereas in the CD-G group, gluten intake increased interleukin-6 expression and tended to increase that of tumor necrosis factor.Wheat gluten promotes weight gain in animals on both HFD and CD, partly by reducing the thermogenic capacity of adipose tissues.
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000284093 650_7 $$08002-80-0$$2NLM Chemicals$$aGlutens
000284093 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aAdipogenesis
000284093 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aAdiposity
000284093 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aAnimals
000284093 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aDisease Models, Animal
000284093 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aEnergy Intake
000284093 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aEnergy Metabolism: physiology
000284093 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aFeeding Behavior
000284093 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aGene Expression Regulation
000284093 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aGlutens
000284093 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aLipid Metabolism
000284093 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aMale
000284093 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aMice
000284093 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aMice, Inbred C57BL
000284093 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aObesity: metabolism
000284093 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aThermogenesis
000284093 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aWeight Gain: physiology
000284093 7001_ $$aFernandes, L. R.$$b1
000284093 7001_ $$aSilva, R. B.$$b2
000284093 7001_ $$aCoelho, B. S. L.$$b3
000284093 7001_ $$ade Araújo, L. P. T.$$b4
000284093 7001_ $$0P:(DE-2719)9001782$$aSecchim Ribeiro, Lucas$$b5$$udzne
000284093 7001_ $$aAndrade, J. M. O.$$b6
000284093 7001_ $$aLima, P. M. A.$$b7
000284093 7001_ $$aAraújo, R. S.$$b8
000284093 7001_ $$aSantos, S. H. S.$$b9
000284093 7001_ $$aCoimbra, C. C.$$b10
000284093 7001_ $$aCardoso, V. N.$$b11
000284093 7001_ $$aAlvarez-Leite, J. I.$$b12
000284093 773__ $$0PERI:(DE-600)2101927-7$$a10.1038/ijo.2015.204$$gVol. 40, no. 3, p. 479 - 486$$n3$$p479 - 486$$tInternational journal of obesity$$v40$$x0307-0565$$y2016
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