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Resistance to age-related pathological changes (brain maintenance), including Alzheimer’s disease, cerebrovascular disease, and neurodegeneration may promote cognitive resilience in aging. However, how lifestyle and health profiles relate to successful cognitive and brain aging remains poorly understood. [...]

Proton channels are transmembrane proteins that enable selective proton (H+) transport. The voltage-gated proton channel Hv1 or HVCN1 is the only one found in mammalian cells, primarily in immune cells, where it facilitates rapid proton extrusion in response to membrane depolarization, mediating outward proton currents. [...]

Background: Models that actively involve people living with dementia and their relatives as well as experts from various healthcare settings in research have not yet been implemented in the context of health services research in the German language. Such models are necessary to actively involve the perspectives of “co-researchers” and address topics pertaining to the everyday lives of people living with dementia and their relatives as well as individuals working in healthcare practice. [...]

Aim: Studies on the social environment of people with dementia are largely limited to the closest informal contacts of people with dementia. The aim of this study was to gain a deeper understanding of the roles of both informal and formal contacts. [...]

Background: Friedreich ataxia (FA) is the most common autosomal recessive ataxia. Little attention has been paid to FA's impact on patient-reported, psychosocial, and health-economic outcomes. [...]

The β-secretase BACE1 has become a prime target in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) therapy, because it drives the production of pathogenic amyloid β peptides. However, clinical trials with BACE1-targeting drugs were halted due to adverse effects on cognitive performance. [...]

Aging and accumulation of α-synuclein (α-syn) oligomers in the brain are indisputably linked to Parkinson's disease (PD). Using an inducible α-syn oligomer mouse model, we demonstrate that the induction of PD-associated α-syn oligomers for the same time span caused PD-associated symptoms only in aged, but not in young mice. [...]

Current antidementia drugs can temporarily slow cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease but are underused. Regional and socioeconomic disparities, including limited specialist access in rural or deprived areas, may exacerbate inequities and challenge the rollout of emerging disease-modifying therapies. [...]

We assessed associations of cancer diagnoses with neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias.We retrieved 2288 cases from the National Alzheimer Coordinating Center (NACC) cohort with available information on cancer diagnoses and neuropathological scoring of Braak stages, Thal amyloid phases, neuritic plaques, TDP-43 pathology, and Lewy body pathology. We used Bayesian ordinal regression to assess associations of prevalent or incident cancer diagnoses with global cognition and postmortem neuropathological scores.We found extreme evidence (Bayes factor [BF] > 2000) that both prevalent and incident cancer diagnoses were associated with better global cognition, strong evidence (BF = 26) for an association of a prevalent cancer diagnosis with lower TDP-43 pathology, and weak evidence (BF = 3.2) for an association with lower Lewy body pathology.Our data suggest that selective survival and biological effects may contribute to the lower risk of dementia in people with a cancer diagnosis.A prevalent diagnosis of cancer was associated with a lower risk of cognitive decline in older individuals.A prevalent diagnosis of cancer was associated with a lower risk of TDP-43 pathology and Lewy body pathology in older individuals.Effects of cancer on TDP-43 pathology were maintained when controlling for degree of cognitive decline..

Eukaryotic cells rely on mitochondria to fine-tune their metabolism in response to environmental and nutritional changes. However, how mitochondria adapt to nutrient availability and how diets impact mitochondrial disease progression, remain unclear. [...]