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From the inventory of the health insurer AOK in 2004, we draw a sample of a quarter million people and follow each person’s health claims continuously until 2013.Our aim is to estimate the effect of a stroke on the dementia onset probability for Germans born in the first half of the 20th century. People deceased before 2004 arerandomly left-truncated, and especially their number is unknown. [...]

Until menopause, women have a lower propensity to develop metabolic diseases than men, suggestive of a protective role for sex hormones. Although a functional synergy between central actions of estrogens and leptin has been demonstrated to protect against metabolic disturbances, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms mediating this crosstalk have remained elusive. [...]

Common surgical treatment options for large focal chondral defects (FCDs) in the knee include microfracturing (MFX) and microdrilling (DRL). Despite numerous studies addressing MFX and DRL of FDCs, no in vivo study has focused on biomechanical analysis of repair cartilage tissue in critical size FCDs with different amounts of holes and penetration depths.Two round FCDs (d=6 mm) were created on the medial femoral condyle in 33 adult merino sheep. [...]

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) regulates mRNA metabolism. While it has been implicated in the development of the mammalian brain and in cognition, the role of m6A in synaptic plasticity, especially during cognitive decline, is not fully understood. [...]

Identification of genetic risk factors for Parkinson disease (PD) has to date been primarily limited to the study of single nucleotide variants, which only represent a small fraction of the genetic variation in the human genome. Consequently, causal variants for most PD risk are not known. [...]

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory condition of our arteries and the main underlying pathology of myocardial infarction and stroke. The pathogenesis is age-dependent, but the links between disease progression, age, and atherogenic cytokines and chemokines are incompletely understood. [...]

Correction to: Neurological Sciences (2023)https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-023-06598-yThe above article was published with error in author names. The correct capturing of the author name “Ana Luísa de Almeida Marcelino” has been updated.The Original article has been corrected..

The neuropathology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) follows a regional distribution pattern in the brain with four stages. Using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), this pattern can be translated into a tract-based staging scheme to assess cerebral progression in vivo. [...]