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The mammalian brain organises knowledge about entities in the world and relationships between them using cognitive maps. When forming a cognitive map, there is a necessary trade-off between extending the map to make novel inferences, and storing a veridical copy of past experience. [...]

Homeostatic feedback loops are essential to stabilize the activity of neurons and neuronal networks. It has been hypothesized that, in the context of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), an excessive gain in feedback loops might hyper- or hypo-excite motoneurons (MNs) and contribute to the pathogenesis. [...]

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of motor neurons in primary motor cortex, leading to muscle weakness, atrophy and death within a median of 3 years. Even though ALS is characterized by different disease subtypes affecting different body parts, individualized phenotyping of functional ALS pathology has so far not been achieved. [...]

Single-cell studies have revealed substantial microglial diversity in development, homeostasis and disease. However, a framework enabling comparison and stratification of microglial states across contexts is needed. [...]

Biallelic SPG7 mutations cause one of the most common forms of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP). Several reports have suggested that heterozygous SPG7 variants may also play a role in HSP, but also in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). [...]

Nonparenchymal central nervous system (CNS)-associated macrophages (CAMs) mediate immune responses at brain boundaries. Perivascular and leptomeningeal CAMs are collectively termed subdural CAMs (sdCAMs). [...]

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been linked to brain disorders, but their relations with hippocampal structure and atrophy remain unexplored. As the hippocampus is pivotal for cognition and dementia, understanding these relations and their specificity for the hippocampus would elucidate miRNA involvement in brain health and neurodegeneration. [...]

Cognitive flexibility is an executive function that enables adapting behaviour to a changing environment and is thus critical for daily life. The degree of its preservation upon healthy aging and the neural mechanisms underlying it are still a matter of debate. [...]

Delirium is a neuropsychiatric syndrome associated with serious complications. Residents of nursing homes are particularly vulnerable to developing delirium. [...]

Social factors have been linked to cognitive decline and risk of dementia. However, our understanding of their impact on cognition in the context of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology is still limited.This study examined whether two structural social factors, relationship status (RS) and living situation (LS), modify the association between AD pathology and cognition.Observational, analysis of existing cohort data.Data were obtained from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC) and the Imaging Dementia-Evidence for Amyloid Scanning (IDEAS) study.Participants with available data on cognitive performance, AD pathology, and structural social factors.We used the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), a widely used brief screening measure of global cognitive status. [...]