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Obesity, a pandemic, worldwide afflicts almost one billion people. Obesity and ageing share several pathological pathways leading to neurological disorders. [...]

Regularized regression models are well studied and, under appropriate conditions, offerfast and statistically interpretable results. However, large data in many applications areheterogeneous in the sense of harboring distributional differences between latent groups.Then, the assumption that the conditional distribution of response Y given features X is thesame for all samples may not hold. [...]

Delirium is a neuropathological syndrome that is associated with several negative outcomes. Nursing home residents are vulnerable to developing delirium. [...]

Many risk factors for dementia have been identified, but the timing of risk is less well understood. Here, we analyzed risk factors in a case-control study covering 10 years before an incident dementia diagnosis.We designed a case-control study using insurance claims of outpatient consultations of patients with German statutory health insurance between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2022. [...]

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) offers a non-invasive, repeatable, and reproducible method for in vivo metabolite profiling of the brain and other tissues. However, metabolite fingerprinting by MRS requires high signal-to-noise ratios for accurate metabolite quantification, which has traditionally been limited to large volumes of interest, compromising spatial fidelity. [...]

To report the frequency of pathogenic SOD1 gene variants in a screening program in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and the clinical practice of transition to an expanded access program (EAP) of tofersen treatment.From October 2021 to February 2024, at 11 ALS centers in Germany genetic testing for SOD1, FUS, TARDBP, and C9orf72 was performed. Patients were offered to opt for notification either about all genetic variants or SOD1 variants relevant for tofersen therapy. [...]

Environmental factors may contribute to myasthenia gravis (MG) development, sometimes with seasonal patterns of exposure. However, whether seasonality has an impact on MG incidence remains unclear. [...]

Standardized evaluation of [18F]PI-2620 tau-PET scans in 4R-tauopathies represents an unmet need in clinical practice. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of visual evaluation of [18F]PI-2620 images for diagnosing 4R-tauopathies and to develop a straight-forward reading algorithm to improve objectivity and data reproducibility.A total of 83 individuals with [18F]PI-2620 PET scans were included. [...]

This study investigated the association between modifiable factors and symptom progression in dementia over up to 8 years.Multilevel growth curve models assessed the role of modifiable risk factors (low education, hearing impairment and its treatment, depression, physical inactivity, diabetes and its treatment, smoking, hypertension and its treatment, obesity, alcohol consumption, social isolation, and visual impairment) on cognitive and functional trajectories in 353 people with dementia.Higher education was associated with higher initial cognitive status but faster decline. Antidiabetic medication was associated with slower cognitive decline, whereas depression and visual impairment were linked to low baseline functioning and faster cognitive decline.Several modifiable risk factors influenced symptom progression. [...]