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PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue) is an established cellular growth brake whose inhibition stimulates regeneration of injured neurons in rodent models. Herein, we employed peptide-based PTEN inhibition targeting PTEN's phosphatase activity. [...]

An extra copy of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene causes autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease (AD) and AD in Down syndrome (DS), but the factors underlying variability in age at onset (AAO) remain unclear. We investigated whether sporadic AD risk variants modify AAO.We analyzed clinical and genetic data from 100 APP duplication (APPdup) carriers and 957 individuals with DS. [...]

White matter integrity is a sensitive marker of cerebrovascular health and aging. Physical activity may promote white matter health, but previous studies were limited by self-reported activity and small sample sizes. [...]

Microglia are innate immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS). They extend their processes and migrate toward injuries in vivo. [...]

Isolated REM sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) is a key prodromal marker of Parkinson's disease (PD). Video-polysomnography (vPSG) remains the diagnostic gold standard, but manual sleep staging is particularly time-consuming and challenging in neurodegenerative disease. [...]

Chronic heart failure (HF) is associated with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), vascular dementia, and Alzheimer's disease. Blood-based neurodegenerative biomarkers may support early risk stratification and outcome prediction in HF.In the prospective Cognition.Matters-HF cohort study, serum neurofilament light chain (NfL), glial fibrillary acidic protein, and phosphorylated tau protein-181, as well as plasma amyloid-β peptides (Aβ38, Aβ40, Aβ42) and β-synuclein, were quantified longitudinally over 36 months using ultrasensitive immunoassays and immunoprecipitation mass spectrometry. [...]

In patients with atherosclerotic internal carotid artery stenosis, the risk of subsequent ischaemic stroke is higher in those presenting with a cerebral transient ischaemic attack (TIA) than in those with amaurosis fugax (AFX; transient monocular blindness). While AFX is associated with more stable histological characteristics, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. [...]

Replication slippage at repetitive DNA sequences generates insertions and deletions that drive genomic instability. Although magnesium ions are essential cofactors for DNA polymerase activity, their role in modulating slippage fidelity remains unclear. [...]

Blood-based biomarkers are emerging as scalable tools for the diagnosis and monitoring of neurodegenerative diseases, but markers enabling differential diagnosis across major dementias remain limited. Here we show that large-scale plasma proteomics identifies disease-associated signatures across Alzheimer's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies and frontotemporal dementia. [...]

Individualized medicine has the potential to be a transformative approach to healthcare that tailors medical treatments to the unique makeup of each patient. This report explores the potential of individualized genetic medicines to meet the pressing need for effective treatments for individuals with rare genetic diseases, and funding models to support these treatments. [...]