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The genetic architecture of Parkinson's disease varies considerably across ancestries, yet most previous genetic studies have focused on individuals of European ancestry. We aimed to characterise the distribution of established Parkinson's disease causal variants, as well as risk-associated variants with clinical implications (ie, variants in genes involved in pathways targeted by ongoing clinical trials), across ancestrally diverse populations.We conducted a multi-ancestry, observational, cross-sectional genetic study using retrospective data from the Global Parkinson's Genetics Program (GP2) release 11 (released in December, 2025). [...]

Immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) is the most frequent neurological complication following chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy. Long-term cognitive effects remain controversial, even in the absence of clinical neurotoxicity. [...]

Autoimmune anti-NMDA-receptor encephalitis is characterized by autoantibody-induced NMDA receptor hypofunction leading to severe neuropsychiatric symptoms including psychosis, hallucinations, memory dysfunction and seizures. However, it remains enigmatic what changes in intrinsic network organization at the multi-neuronal level, serving as the neural substrate of brain function, underlie disease symptomology. [...]

The study aim is to investigate whether blood biomarkers (BBMs) of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology are associated with postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) after cardiac surgery.Cognitive performance was assessed before and 12 months postoperatively using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and categorized into stages-minimal (1), notable (2), and substantial (3) decline-in the FIND DElirium RIsk factors (FINDERI) study of patients undergoing cardiac surgery. BBMs were measured preoperatively (amyloid beta [Aβ]1-42, Aβ1-40, phosphorylated tau 181 [p-tau181], p-tau217, apolipoprotein E ε4 [apoE4] and apoE).A total of 394 patients completed follow-up investigations. [...]

Preterm birth is a major risk factor for childhood psychopathology, including higher rates of anxiety and avoidant personality traits persisting into adulthood. While extensive research has documented volumetric reductions in various brain structures associated with emotional processing in preterm individuals, the habenula, a key component in affective and reward processing, has not yet been studied in this context. [...]

The spontaneous control of HIV infection in the absence of antiretroviral therapy, termed HIV control, is associated with genetic variation in the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) locus. These variants are known to influence the immune response to HIV itself. [...]

Dementia and other neurodegenerative disorders place growing pressure on European health systems, yet evidence on how care pathways are structured, implemented, and evaluated remains fragmented. This systematic review synthesizes European evidence on dementia and neurodegenerative care pathways and develops an evidence-informed conceptual synthesis capturing core functions, domains of care delivery, and cross-cutting implementation principles. [...]

Advanced spatially resolved transcriptomic (SRT) technologies preserve the spatial context of gene expression within tissues, enabling the study of context-dependent transcriptional regulation. Here, we propose a variational inference-assisted sparse Gaussian-process (VISGP) framework for identifying spatially variable genes (SVGs) and inferring spatially dependent cellular interactions from SRT data. [...]

Gait abnormalities are key features of Parkinson's disease (PD) and might be present in isolated REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (iRBD), a prodromal marker of alpha-synucleinopathy. To assess spatio-temporal gait parameters from prodromal (iRBD) to early/moderate PD stages in normal, fast and dual-task conditions. [...]

To examine the value of MRI outcomes as endpoints for preventive and early-stage trials of two polyglutamine spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs).A cohort of 100 participants (23 SCA1, 63 SCA3, median Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA) score = 5, 42% preataxic, and 14 gene-negative controls) was scanned at 3T up to 6 times (median follow-up 3 years) in the READISCA study. Structural, microstructural, and neurochemical outcomes were assessed for sensitivity to change. [...]