Journal Article

Double-dose contrast-enhanced brain imaging improves tumor delineation and detection of occult metastases but is limited by concerns about gadolinium-based contrast agents' effects on patients and the environment. The purpose of this study was to test the benefit of a deep learning-based contrast signal amplification in true single-dose T1-weighted (T-SD) images creating artificial double-dose (A-DD) images for metastasis detection in brain magnetic resonance imaging.In this prospective, multicenter study, a deep learning-based method originally trained on noncontrast, low-dose, and T-SD brain images was applied to T-SD images of 30 participants (mean age ± SD, 58.5 ± 11.8 years; 23 women) acquired externally between November 2022 and June 2023. [...]

In the field of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among nurses and physicians working in an acute hospital setting, various investigations have been conducted on the prevalence of PTSD during the COVID-19 pandemic rather than on the implementation of PTSD-related interventions to improve the mental health of health care workers. It is known that implementation faces challenges, such as social restrictions or the dynamic of the pandemic itself. [...]

The Down syndrome-associated Alzheimer's disease (DSAD) autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease (ADAD) 2024 Conference in Barcelona, convened under an Alzheimer's Association International Society to Advance Alzheimer's Research and Treatment (ISTAART) grant through the Down syndrome and Alzheimer's disease (AD) Professional Interest Area (PIA), brought together global researchers to foster collaboration and knowledge exchange between the fields of DSAD and ADAD.This article provides a synthesis review of the conference proceedings, summarizing key discussions on biomarkers, natural history models, clinical trials, and ethical considerations in anti-amyloid therapies.A total of 211 attendees from 16 countries joined the meeting. Global researchers presented on disease mechanisms, therapeutic developments, and patient care strategies. [...]

Due to new advances in molecular and imaging biomarkers, a biological classification of Parkinson's disease (PD) called SyNeurGe (Hoglinger et al. Lancet Neurol 2024;23:191-204) has been proposed for research use recently. [...]

Dyskinetic cerebral palsy encompasses a group of predominantly perinatally acquired complex motor disorders that present with dystonia and/or choreoathetosis and are frequently associated with brain lesions in neuroimaging. Recently, lesion network mapping provided a tool to redefine neurological disorders as circuitopathies. [...]

Apoptosis-inducing factor 1 (AIFM1) is a flavoprotein essential for mitochondrial function and biogenesis. Its interaction with MIA40/CHCHD4, the central component of the mitochondrial disulfide relay, accounts for some, but not all, aspects of AIFM1 function. [...]

Depressive symptoms are common in people with dementia, significantly reducing well-being and potentially exacerbating dementia symptoms. The objective of the present study was to investigate the role of support from the social environment for depressive symptoms in people with dementia over a 4-year period.We used data from a cohort of 334 community-dwelling people with dementia (M age = 80.2, 59.3% female) who were interviewed annually in their homes by specially qualified nurses. [...]

Signal transduction via the Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 1 (STAT1) pathway is indispensable for mediating the intracellular effects of interferon-α (IFN-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and other cytokines in the brain and, thereby, crucial for antiviral and antibacterial responses during potential life-threatening CNS infections. However, the role of STAT1 signaling beyond the known IFN-α and IFN-γ effects in immediate antimicrobial defense is highly context-dependent, and studies in the existing literature using STAT1-targeted mouse models under normal physiological conditions remain scarce.Here, we characterized a STAT1 targeted-disruption mouse model in the absence of infectious stimuli by employing established behavioral testing paradigms and immunohistochemical stainings, as well as bulk hippocampal transcriptomic and proteomic analyses.While we found neither overt behavioral alterations nor immunohistochemical changes with respect to microglial phagocytosis or proliferation, significant alterations were detected in gene and protein expression profiles implicated in neuroinflammatory processes and neuroprotection.In summary, this study highlights the complex and context-dependent role of STAT1-mediated signaling even in the absence of any detectable behavioral and neuropathological changes..

Smelling is a human sense, expressing strong sexual dimorphisms. We aim to improve the knowledge of the genetics of human olfactory perception by performing an exploratory genome-wide association meta-analysis of up to 21,495 individuals of European ancestry. [...]

Proteases recognize substrates by decoding sequence information-an essential cellular process elusive when recognition motifs are absent. Here, we unravel this problem for γ-secretase, an intramembrane-cleaving protease associated with Alzheimer's disease and cancer, by developing Comparative Physicochemical Profiling (CPP), a sequence-based algorithm for identifying interpretable physicochemical features. [...]