Journal Article

While Generative Adversarial Nets (GANs) and Diffusion Models (DMs) have achieved impressive results in natural image synthesis, their core strengths - creativity and realism - can be detrimental in medical applications, where accuracy and fidelity are paramount. These models instead risk introducing hallucinations and replication of unwanted acquisition noise. [...]

RNA binding proteins have multiple diverse cellular functions and are often mis-regulated in disease. Despite their many cellular functions and implications in disease, very little is known about their physiological functions. [...]

Background: While Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is well known for progressive memory impairment, less is understood about how amyloid pathology affects flexible updating of competing spatial representations. Here, we used the Objects in Updated Locations (OUL) paradigm to investigate how amyloidosis influences spatial memory updating and the handling of competing mnemonic information in APP/PS1 mice.Methods: APP/PS1 and wild-type control mice were tested in the OUL paradigm, which probes memory for object displacement and subsequent updating of overlapping spatial representations. [...]

Synapses are the basic unit of information transfer between neurons. Their dysfunction is a common trigger of cognitive diseases and disorders. [...]

Introduction: Neural network effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) are poorly understood. Here, we introduce a prospective, empirically informed, multimodal functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) framework for guiding target selection and hypothesis-based analysis in future focal tDCS-fMRI studies.Methods: We illustrate our approach by using data of 37 healthy individuals (19 females; mean age ± SD = 25.8 ± 5.9) recruited from two tDCS-fMRI studies that were acquired at the same scanner and with placebo-tDCS. [...]

Background: Lewy Body pathology can be detected by alpha-synuclein-Seed Amplification Assay (αSyn-SAA) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with high sensitivity and specificity in cohort studies. Yet, little is known about the results that can be expected from αSyn-SAA in CSF in samples outside cohort studies as obtained in clinical routine. [...]

Rupture of an intracranial aneurysm (IA) can result in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (ASAH), a severe and often fatal form of stroke. The configuration of the intracranial arteries - collectively known as the circle of Willis (CoW) - influences the risk of IA development and rupture. [...]

Brain structural changes in frontotemporal dementia (FTD) can occur decades before symptom onset. Precise characterisation of grey matter changes is necessary for developing models of biomarker progression, while better understanding the trajectory of the pathology is invaluable for prognosis and detecting treatment effects as we enter the era of clinical trials.Cortical and subcortical grey matter volume and thickness from structural MRI were assessed in a large cohort of 892 participants including presymptomatic and symptomatic carriers of mutations within the three main genetic causes of FTD (C9 open reading-frame 72 (C9orf72), progranulin (GRN) and microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT)) compared with mutation-negative relatives (controls). [...]

During the progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), only specific motor neurons (MNs) preferentially deteriorate, while others are spared until the disease reaches its end stage. Resilient MNs possess several protective factors, yet the precise molecular mechanism(s) underlying selective neuronal vulnerability remains poorly understood. [...]

Anti-seizure-related 6 homolog like 2 (SEZ6L2) antibodies are a rare cause of immune-mediated cerebellar syndromes. The clinical phenotype, diagnostic features, and outcomes have not been systematically synthesized, and the evidence is limited to case reports and case series. [...]