Journal Article

In addition to response fluctuations caused by the pharmacokinetics of dopamine replacement medication, further fluctuations, which are either not or only partially attributable to the effects of the medication, can occur in Parkinson’s disease. The spectrum of motor fluctuations ranges from brief episodes of gait freezing or tremor breakthroughs to severe akinetic crisis. [...]

White matter alterations are increasingly implicated in neurological diseases and their progression. International-scale studies use diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) to qualitatively identify changes in white matter microstructure and connectivity [...]

Cerebrospinal fluid amyloid beta 42, total tau, and phosphorylated tau 181 are well accepted markers of Alzheimer's disease. These biomarkers better reflect disease pathogenesis compared to clinical diagnosis. [...]

Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor-related adult-onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia (CSF1R-ALSP) is a rare, fatal, autosomal-dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by pathogenic CSF1R variants and characterized by progressive cognitive, neuropsychiatric, and motor dysfunction, white matter lesions on brain imaging, and white matter demyelination, swollen axons, and pigmented glial cells on pathology. Limited data regarding clinical, biofluid or radiological biomarkers of disease severity are available, and no clinical trial endpoints have yet been validated. [...]

The optimal monitoring strategy for atrial fibrillation (AF) detection after transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) is uncertain, as existing evidence is largely derived from ischemic stroke or mixed stroke-TIA populations. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the rate of newly diagnosed AF in TIA patients using different electrocardiographic monitoring modalities and durations.A literature search from 1966 through 31 May 2025 was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines using a protocol registered on PROSPERO (CRD420251075716). [...]

Aging is frequently assessed through lifespan extension and proxy biomarkers, yet these approaches may not fully capture the complexity of biological aging. Here, we propose refinements to discovery and evaluation strategies in aging research. [...]

Intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) is a promising noninvasive treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD), though significant variability exists in patient responses. This quadruple-blind, sham-controlled crossover randomized clinical trial investigated whether clinical improvement was influenced by the spatial selection of stimulation sites or early cardiac rhythm modulations. [...]