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000136271 1001_ $$0P:(DE-2719)2289209$$aEhninger, Dan$$b0$$eFirst author
000136271 245__ $$aEnriched environment and physical activity reduce microglia and influence the fate of NG2 cells in the amygdala of adult mice.
000136271 260__ $$aHeidelberg$$bSpringer$$c2011
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000136271 520__ $$aProliferative cells expressing proteoglycan neuron-glia 2 (NG2) are considered to represent parenchymal precursor cells in the adult brain and are thought to differentiate primarily into oligodendrocytes. We have studied cell genesis in the adult amygdala and found that, up to 1 year after the labeling of proliferating cells with bromodeoxyuridine, most proliferating NG2 cells remain NG2 cells, and only a few slowly differentiate into mature oligodendrocytes, as assessed by the expression of 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase. We have detected no signs of neurogenesis but have confirmed the expression of 'neuronal' markers such as Doublecortin in NG2 cells. Nestin-expressing NG2 cells in the amygdala show electrophysiological properties known for oligodendrocyte precursor cells in the corpus callosum. Application of the glutamate agonist kainate elicits a 'complex' response consisting of a rapid and long-lasting blockade of the resting K(+) conductance, a transient cationic current, and a transient increase of an outwardly directed K(+) conductance, suggesting the responsiveness of NG2 cells to excitation. Proliferation of NG2 cells increases in response to behavioral stimuli of activity, voluntary wheel running, and environmental enrichment. In addition to reducing the number of newborn microglia, behavioral activity results in a decrease in S100β-expressing newborn NG2 cells in the amygdala. Because S100β expression in NG2 cells ceases with oligodendrocyte maturation, this finding suggests that NG2 cells in the amygdala undergo activity-dependent functional alterations, without resulting in a measurable increase in new mature oligodendrocytes over the time period covered by the present study. The adult amygdala thus shows signs of mixed activity-dependent plasticity: reduced numbers of microglia and, presumably, an altered fate of NG2 cells.
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000136271 650_7 $$2NLM Chemicals$$aNerve Growth Factors
000136271 650_7 $$2NLM Chemicals$$aS100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit
000136271 650_7 $$2NLM Chemicals$$aS100 Proteins
000136271 650_7 $$0G34N38R2N1$$2NLM Chemicals$$aBromodeoxyuridine
000136271 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aAging: physiology
000136271 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aAmygdala: cytology
000136271 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aAnimals
000136271 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aBromodeoxyuridine: metabolism
000136271 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aCell Count
000136271 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aCell Line
000136271 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aCell Lineage
000136271 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aCell Proliferation
000136271 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aElectrophysiological Phenomena
000136271 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aEnvironment
000136271 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aMice
000136271 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aMicroglia: cytology
000136271 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aMicroglia: metabolism
000136271 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aMotor Activity
000136271 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aNerve Growth Factors: metabolism
000136271 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aNeurogenesis
000136271 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aNeurons: cytology
000136271 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aNeurons: metabolism
000136271 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aOligodendroglia: cytology
000136271 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aOligodendroglia: metabolism
000136271 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aPhenotype
000136271 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aS100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit
000136271 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aS100 Proteins: metabolism
000136271 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aVisual Cortex: cytology
000136271 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aVisual Cortex: metabolism
000136271 7001_ $$aWang, Li-Ping$$b1
000136271 7001_ $$aKlempin, Friederike$$b2
000136271 7001_ $$aRömer, Benedikt$$b3
000136271 7001_ $$aKettenmann, Helmut$$b4
000136271 7001_ $$0P:(DE-2719)2000011$$aKempermann, Gerd$$b5$$eLast author$$udzne
000136271 77318 $$2Crossref$$3journal-article$$a10.1007/s00441-011-1200-z$$b : Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2011-06-21$$n1$$p69-86$$tCell and Tissue Research$$v345$$x0302-766X$$y2011
000136271 773__ $$0PERI:(DE-600)1458496-7$$a10.1007/s00441-011-1200-z$$gVol. 345, no. 1, p. 69 - 86$$n1$$p69-86$$q345:1<69 - 86$$tCell & tissue research$$v345$$x0302-766X$$y2011
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