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@ARTICLE{Jahnke:136446,
      author       = {Jahnke, Heinz-Georg and Braesigk, Annett and Mack, Till G A
                      and Pönick, Sarah and Striggow, Frank and Robitzki, Andrea
                      A},
      title        = {{I}mpedance spectroscopy based measurement system for
                      quantitative and label-free real-time monitoring of
                      tauopathy in hippocampal slice cultures.},
      journal      = {Biosensors and bioelectronics},
      volume       = {32},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {0956-5663},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2020-02768},
      pages        = {250-258},
      year         = {2012},
      abstract     = {Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other tauopathies comprise
                      death of cell bodies, synapses and neurites but there is
                      surprising little knowledge of the temporal sequence and the
                      causal relationships among these events. Here, we present a
                      novel biosensoric approach to monitor retrograde neurite
                      degeneration before cell death occurs. We induced tau
                      hyperphosphorylation in organotypic hippocampal slice
                      cultures (OHSC) and applied marker-independent real-time
                      electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) for cellular
                      real-time pathology monitoring. Using this approach, we were
                      able to define two distinct phases of neurite degeneration,
                      first a rapid swelling of axonal processes that manifests
                      itself in relative impedance above control levels followed
                      by a slower phase of collapse and subsequent fragmentation
                      indicated by decreased relative impedance below control
                      levels. Initial axon swelling is strictly dose-dependent and
                      swelling intensity correlates with second phase impedance
                      decrease implicating a causative link between both
                      degenerative mechanisms. Moreover, suppressing tau
                      hyperphosphorylation by kinase inhibition nearly prevented
                      both phases of axon degeneration. Our findings demonstrate
                      that the temporal sequence of tau-triggered neurite
                      degeneration can be directly visualized by EIS-based,
                      non-invasive and label-free monitoring. We therefore suggest
                      this approach as a powerful extension of high content
                      applications to study mechanisms of neurite degeneration and
                      to exploit therapeutic options against AD and tau-related
                      disorders.},
      keywords     = {Animals / Biosensing Techniques: instrumentation /
                      Carbazoles: pharmacology / Cells, Cultured / Dielectric
                      Spectroscopy: instrumentation / Enzyme Inhibitors:
                      pharmacology / Equipment Design / Hippocampus: cytology /
                      Neurites: drug effects / Neurites: pathology / Rats / Rats,
                      Sprague-Dawley / Tauopathies: drug therapy / Tauopathies:
                      pathology / tau Proteins: antagonists $\&$ inhibitors /
                      Carbazoles (NLM Chemicals) / Enzyme Inhibitors (NLM
                      Chemicals) / SRN 003-556 (NLM Chemicals) / tau Proteins (NLM
                      Chemicals)},
      cin          = {AG Striggow},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)5000045},
      pnm          = {342 - Disease Mechanisms and Model Systems (POF3-342)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-342},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:22221799},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.bios.2011.12.026},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/136446},
}