% IMPORTANT: The following is UTF-8 encoded.  This means that in the presence
% of non-ASCII characters, it will not work with BibTeX 0.99 or older.
% Instead, you should use an up-to-date BibTeX implementation like “bibtex8” or
% “biber”.

@ARTICLE{delCampo:137097,
      author       = {del Campo, Natalia and Fryer, Tim D and Hong, Young T and
                      Smith, Rob and Brichard, Laurent and Acosta-Cabronero, Julio
                      and Chamberlain, Samuel R and Tait, Roger and Izquierdo,
                      David and Regenthal, Ralf and Dowson, Jonathan and Suckling,
                      John and Baron, Jean-Claude and Aigbirhio, Franklin I and
                      Robbins, Trevor W and Sahakian, Barbara J and Müller,
                      Ulrich},
      title        = {{A} positron emission tomography study of nigro-striatal
                      dopaminergic mechanisms underlying attention: implications
                      for {ADHD} and its treatment.},
      journal      = {Brain},
      volume       = {136},
      number       = {11},
      issn         = {1460-2156},
      address      = {Oxford},
      publisher    = {Oxford Univ. Press},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2020-03419},
      pages        = {3252-3270},
      year         = {2013},
      abstract     = {Through the combined use of (18)F-fallypride positron
                      emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging this
                      study examined the neural mechanisms underlying the
                      attentional deficits associated with attention
                      deficit/hyperactivity disorder and their potential reversal
                      with a single therapeutic dose of methylphenidate. Sixteen
                      adult patients with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
                      and 16 matched healthy control subjects were positron
                      emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scanned
                      and tested on a computerized sustained attention task after
                      oral methylphenidate (0.5 mg/kg) and placebo administration
                      in a within-subject, double-blind, cross-over design.
                      Although patients with attention deficit/hyperactivity
                      disorder as a group showed significant attentional deficits
                      and reduced grey matter volume in fronto-striato-cerebellar
                      and limbic networks, they had equivalent D2/D3 receptor
                      availability and equivalent increases in endogenous dopamine
                      after methylphenidate treatment to that observed in healthy
                      control subjects. However, poor attentional performers drawn
                      from both the attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and
                      the control groups had significantly reduced left caudate
                      dopamine activity. Methylphenidate significantly increased
                      dopamine levels in all nigro-striatal regions, thereby
                      normalizing dopamine levels in the left caudate in low
                      performers. Behaviourally, methylphenidate improved
                      sustained attention in a baseline performance-dependent
                      manner, irrespective of diagnosis. This finding was
                      accompanied by an equally performance-dependent effect of
                      the drug on dopamine release in the midbrain, whereby low
                      performers showed reduced dopamine release in this region.
                      Collectively, these findings support a dimensional model of
                      attentional deficits and underlying nigro-striatal
                      dopaminergic mechanisms of attention deficit/hyperactivity
                      disorder that extends into the healthy population. Moreover,
                      they confer midbrain dopamine autoreceptors a hitherto
                      neglected role in the therapeutic effects of oral
                      methylphenidate in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
                      The absence of significant case-control differences in D2/D3
                      receptor availability (despite the observed relationships
                      between dopamine activity and attention) suggests that
                      dopamine dysregulation per se is unlikely to be the primary
                      cause underlying attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
                      pathology in adults. This conclusion is reinforced by
                      evidence of neuroanatomical changes in the same set of
                      patients with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.},
      keywords     = {Adult / Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity: drug
                      therapy / Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity:
                      metabolism / Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity:
                      pathology / Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity:
                      physiopathology / Benzamides / Corpus Striatum: drug effects
                      / Corpus Striatum: metabolism / Corpus Striatum: pathology /
                      Corpus Striatum: physiopathology / Cross-Over Studies /
                      Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors: administration $\&$ dosage /
                      Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors: pharmacology / Double-Blind
                      Method / Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 / Humans / Magnetic
                      Resonance Imaging: instrumentation / Magnetic Resonance
                      Imaging: methods / Male / Mesencephalon: drug effects /
                      Mesencephalon: metabolism / Mesencephalon: pathology /
                      Mesencephalon: physiopathology / Methylphenidate:
                      administration $\&$ dosage / Methylphenidate: pharmacology /
                      Multimodal Imaging: instrumentation / Multimodal Imaging:
                      methods / Positron-Emission Tomography: instrumentation /
                      Positron-Emission Tomography: methods / Psychiatric Status
                      Rating Scales / Radiopharmaceuticals / Young Adult /
                      Benzamides (NLM Chemicals) / Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors (NLM
                      Chemicals) / Radiopharmaceuticals (NLM Chemicals) /
                      Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 (NLM Chemicals) / Methylphenidate
                      (NLM Chemicals) / fallypride (NLM Chemicals)},
      cin          = {AG Nestor},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)1310001},
      pnm          = {344 - Clinical and Health Care Research (POF3-344)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-344},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:24163364},
      pmc          = {pmc:PMC4125626},
      doi          = {10.1093/brain/awt263},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/137097},
}