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@ARTICLE{Szentkiralyi:137231,
      author       = {Szentkiralyi, Andras and Völzke, Henry and Hoffmann,
                      Wolfgang and Baune, Bernhard T and Berger, Klaus},
      title        = {{T}he relationship between depressive symptoms and restless
                      legs syndrome in two prospective cohort studies.},
      journal      = {Psychosomatic medicine},
      volume       = {75},
      number       = {4},
      issn         = {0033-3174},
      address      = {Philadelphia, Pa.},
      publisher    = {Lippincott Williams $\&$ Wilkins},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2020-03553},
      pages        = {359-365},
      year         = {2013},
      abstract     = {Cross-sectional studies suggest a strong association
                      between depression and restless legs syndrome (RLS);
                      however, the temporal relationship between the two disorders
                      remains unknown. We tested whether the presence of
                      clinically relevant depressive symptoms (CRDS) is a risk
                      factor for subsequent RLS in the general population. The
                      relationship between prevalent RLS and incident CRDS was
                      also examined.Two independent, prospective cohort studies
                      with representative, age-stratified random samples, the
                      Dortmund Health Study (DHS; n = 1312/1122
                      [baseline/follow-up], median follow-up time = 2.1 years) and
                      the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP; n = 4308/3300,
                      median follow-up time = 5.0 years) were analyzed. RLS was
                      assessed in both studies according to the RLS minimal
                      criteria, at baseline and at follow-up. CRDS were assessed
                      by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale (a
                      score of ≥16) in DHS only at baseline and by the
                      Munich-Composite International Diagnostic-Screener in SHIP
                      at baseline and at follow-up.Clinically relevant depressive
                      symptoms at baseline were associated new-onset RLS in both
                      studies (DHS: odds ratio [OR] = 1.94, $95\%$ confidence
                      interval [CI] = 1.09-3.44; SHIP: OR = 2.37, $95\%$ CI =
                      1.65-3.40) after adjustment for age, sex, education, body
                      mass index, smoking, physical activity, and the presence of
                      various comorbidities. RLS at baseline was an independent
                      risk factor of incident CRDS in SHIP (OR = 1.82, $95\%$ CI =
                      1.10-3.00).The presence of CRDS may be a risk factor for
                      subsequent RLS. The relationship between the two disorders
                      might be bidirectional because RLS also predicts incident
                      depressive symptoms.},
      keywords     = {Adult / Aged / Comorbidity / Depression: epidemiology /
                      Female / Follow-Up Studies / Germany: epidemiology / Health
                      Surveys / Humans / Incidence / Male / Middle Aged / Motor
                      Activity / Obesity: epidemiology / Prevalence / Prospective
                      Studies / Restless Legs Syndrome: epidemiology / Restless
                      Legs Syndrome: psychology / Risk Factors / Sampling Studies
                      / Smoking: epidemiology / Surveys and Questionnaires / Young
                      Adult},
      cin          = {Translational Health Care Research},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)1510600},
      pnm          = {344 - Clinical and Health Care Research (POF3-344)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-344},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:23576767},
      doi          = {10.1097/PSY.0b013e31828bbbf1},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/137231},
}