000137250 001__ 137250 000137250 005__ 20240321220221.0 000137250 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00077 000137250 0247_ $$2pmid$$apmid:23443984 000137250 0247_ $$2pmc$$apmc:PMC3581072 000137250 0247_ $$2altmetric$$aaltmetric:1262632 000137250 037__ $$aDZNE-2020-03572 000137250 041__ $$aEnglish 000137250 082__ $$a150 000137250 1001_ $$0P:(DE-2719)2000052$$aAxmacher, Nikolai$$b0$$eFirst author$$udzne 000137250 245__ $$aCausation in psychoanalysis. 000137250 260__ $$aLausanne$$bFrontiers Research Foundation$$c2013 000137250 264_1 $$2Crossref$$3online$$bFrontiers Media SA$$c2013-01-01 000137250 3367_ $$2DRIVER$$aarticle 000137250 3367_ $$2DataCite$$aOutput Types/Journal article 000137250 3367_ $$0PUB:(DE-HGF)16$$2PUB:(DE-HGF)$$aJournal Article$$bjournal$$mjournal$$s1593438036_12124 000137250 3367_ $$2BibTeX$$aARTICLE 000137250 3367_ $$2ORCID$$aJOURNAL_ARTICLE 000137250 3367_ $$00$$2EndNote$$aJournal Article 000137250 520__ $$aIt has been argued that psychoanalytic and biological theories cannot be integrated because they rely on different epistemological grounds, namely on hermeneutic versus causal explanations, that are inconsistent with each other. Such inconsistency would seriously question the general possibility of neuropsychoanalytic research. Here, I review three important arguments that have been raised in favor of this inconsistency: first, that psychoanalytic attempts to overcome repression aim to go beyond causal relationships; second, that hermeneutic explanations are retrospective and context-dependent and therefore follow a different logic than causal explanations; and third, that only causal hypotheses are falsifiable, while the introspective reasons for one's own behavior are not. I present arguments against each of these statements and show that actually, causal and hermeneutic explanations are, at least in principle, consistent with each other. 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