% IMPORTANT: The following is UTF-8 encoded.  This means that in the presence
% of non-ASCII characters, it will not work with BibTeX 0.99 or older.
% Instead, you should use an up-to-date BibTeX implementation like “bibtex8” or
% “biber”.

@ARTICLE{Heinzel:137515,
      author       = {Heinzel, Sebastian and Liepelt-Scarfone, Inga and Roeben,
                      Benjamin and Nasi-Kordhishti, Isabella and Suenkel, Ulrike
                      and Wurster, Isabel and Brockmann, Kathrin and Fritsche,
                      Andreas and Niebler, Raphael and Metzger, Florian G and
                      Eschweiler, Gerhard W and Fallgatter, Andreas J and
                      Maetzler, Walter and Berg, Daniela},
      title        = {{A} neurodegenerative vascular burden index and the impact
                      on cognition.},
      journal      = {Frontiers in aging neuroscience},
      volume       = {6},
      issn         = {1663-4365},
      address      = {Lausanne},
      publisher    = {Frontiers Research Foundation},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2020-03837},
      pages        = {161},
      year         = {2014},
      abstract     = {A wide range of vascular burden factors has been identified
                      to impact vascular function and structure as indicated by
                      carotid intima-media thickness (IMT). On the basis of their
                      impact on IMT, vascular factors may be selected and
                      clustered in a vascular burden index (VBI). Since many
                      vascular factors increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease
                      (AD), a multifactorial neurodegenerative VBI may be related
                      to early pathological processes in AD and cognitive decline
                      in its preclinical stages. We investigated an elderly cohort
                      at risk for neurodegeneration (TREND study, n = 1102)
                      for the multifactorial influence of vascular burden factors
                      on IMT measured by ultrasound. To create a VBI for this
                      cohort, vascular factors and their definitions (considering
                      medical history, medication, and/or blood marker data) were
                      selected based on their statistical effects on IMT in
                      multiple regressions including age and sex. The impact of
                      the VBI on cognitive performance was assessed using the
                      Trail-Making Test (TMT) and the consortium to establish a
                      registry for Alzheimer's disease (CERAD) neuropsychological
                      battery. IMT was significantly predicted by age
                      (standardized β = 0.26), sex (0.09;
                      males > females) and the factors included in the VBI:
                      obesity (0.18), hypertension (0.14), smoking (0.08),
                      diabetes (0.07), and atherosclerosis (0.05), whereas other
                      cardiovascular diseases or hypercholesterolemia were not
                      significant. Individuals with 2 or more VBI factors compared
                      to individuals without had an odds ratio of 3.17 regarding
                      overly increased IMT ( ≥ 1.0 mm). The VBI showed an
                      impact on executive control [log(TMT B-A), p = 0.047]
                      and a trend toward decreased global cognitive function
                      (CERAD total score, p = 0.057) independent of age, sex,
                      and education. A VBI established on the basis of IMT may
                      help to identify individuals with overly increased vascular
                      burden linked to decreased cognitive function indicating
                      neurodegenerative processes. The longitudinal study of this
                      risk cohort will reveal the value of the VBI as prodromal
                      marker for cognitive decline and AD.},
      cin          = {AG Gasser 1 / AG Berg},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)1210000 / I:(DE-2719)5000055},
      pnm          = {345 - Population Studies and Genetics (POF3-345)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-345},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:25071568},
      pmc          = {pmc:PMC4088338},
      doi          = {10.3389/fnagi.2014.00161},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/137515},
}