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@ARTICLE{Schmitz:138043,
      author       = {Schmitz, Matthias and Hermann, Peter and Oikonomou,
                      Panteleimon and Stoeck, Katharina and Ebert, Elisabeth and
                      Poliakova, Tatjana and Schmidt, Christian and Llorens, Franc
                      and Zafar, Saima and Zerr, Inga},
      title        = {{C}ytokine profiles and the role of cellular prion protein
                      in patients with vascular dementia and vascular
                      encephalopathy.},
      journal      = {Neurobiology of aging},
      volume       = {36},
      number       = {9},
      issn         = {0197-4580},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2020-04365},
      pages        = {2597-2606},
      year         = {2015},
      abstract     = {Understanding inflammatory mechanisms in vascular dementia
                      (VD) is pivotal for achieving better insights into changes
                      in brain metabolism. We performed cytokine profiling and
                      measured levels of the cellular prion protein (PrP(C)) in
                      serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from patients
                      with VD and with vascular encephalopathy (VE). Significant
                      changes were observed for interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-5,
                      tumor necrosis factor alpha, interferon gamma,
                      granulocyte-colony stimulating factor, monocyte chemotactic
                      protein 1, and macrophage inflammatory protein 1 beta in
                      serum and for IL-6 and granulocyte macrophage
                      colony-stimulating factor in CSF of VD and VE patients,
                      suggesting that most of immune markers depend on vascular
                      lesions, while only IL-6 was related to dementia. In VD
                      patients, the severity of dementia as defined by the
                      Mini-Mental Status Test or Cambridge Cognitive Examination
                      battery test was significantly correlated with the levels of
                      IL-8 (CSF) and macrophage inflammatory protein 1 beta (serum
                      and CSF). Additionally, in CSF of VD patients, our data
                      revealed a correlation between immune and neurodegenerative
                      marker proteins. Both indicate an association of
                      neuroinflammation and cognitive decline. Levels of PrP(C)
                      were regulated differentially in VD and VE patients compared
                      with Alzheimer's disease patients and controls. Moreover, we
                      observed a significant negative correlation between cytokine
                      levels and PrP(C) in VD patients in CSF and serum, as well
                      as a correlation between PrP(C) expression with levels of
                      neurodegenerative marker proteins in CSF (in VD and VE
                      patients). Our data suggest that immunological modifiers
                      play a role in VD and VE patients and provide evidence for
                      an association of PrP(C) with immune and neurodegenerative
                      markers.},
      keywords     = {Adult / Aged / Aged, 80 and over / Amyloid beta-Peptides:
                      cerebrospinal fluid / Cerebrovascular Disorders:
                      cerebrospinal fluid / Cohort Studies / Cytokines:
                      cerebrospinal fluid / Dementia, Vascular: cerebrospinal
                      fluid / Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Female / Humans
                      / Linear Models / Male / Mental Status Schedule / Middle
                      Aged / Neuropsychological Tests / Peptide Fragments:
                      cerebrospinal fluid / Prions: cerebrospinal fluid / tau
                      Proteins: cerebrospinal fluid / Amyloid beta-Peptides (NLM
                      Chemicals) / Cytokines (NLM Chemicals) / Peptide Fragments
                      (NLM Chemicals) / Prions (NLM Chemicals) / amyloid
                      beta-protein (1-40) (NLM Chemicals) / amyloid beta-protein
                      (1-42) (NLM Chemicals) / tau Proteins (NLM Chemicals)},
      cin          = {AG Zerr / Ext UMG Zerr},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)1440011-1 / I:(DE-2719)5000037},
      pnm          = {344 - Clinical and Health Care Research (POF3-344)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-344},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:26170132},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.013},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/138043},
}