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@ARTICLE{VanUem:138479,
      author       = {Van Uem, Janet M T and Walgaard, Stefan and Ainsworth, Erik
                      and Hasmann, Sandra E and Heger, Tanja and Nußbaum, Susanne
                      and Hobert, Markus A and Micó-Amigo, Encarnación M and Van
                      Lummel, Rob C and Berg, Daniela and Maetzler, Walter},
      title        = {{Q}uantitative {T}imed-{U}p-and-{G}o {P}arameters in
                      {R}elation to {C}ognitive {P}arameters and
                      {H}ealth-{R}elated {Q}uality of {L}ife in
                      {M}ild-to-{M}oderate {P}arkinson's {D}isease.},
      journal      = {PLOS ONE},
      volume       = {11},
      number       = {4},
      issn         = {1932-6203},
      address      = {San Francisco, California, US},
      publisher    = {PLOS},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2020-04801},
      pages        = {e0151997},
      year         = {2016},
      abstract     = {The instrumented-Timed-Up-and-Go test (iTUG) provides
                      detailed information about the following movement patterns:
                      sit-to-walk (siwa), straight walking, turning and
                      walk-to-sit (wasi). We were interested in the relative
                      contributions of respective iTUG sub-phases to specific
                      clinical deficits most relevant for daily life in
                      Parkinson’s disease (PD). More specifically, we
                      investigated which condition–fast speed (FS) or convenient
                      speed (CS)–differentiates best between mild- to
                      moderate-stage PD patients and controls, which parameters of
                      the iTUG sub-phases are significantly different between PD
                      patients and controls, and how the iTUG parameters associate
                      with cognitive parameters (with particular focus on
                      cognitive flexibility and working memory) and
                      Health-Related-Quality of Life (HRQoL).MethodsTwenty-eight
                      PD participants (65.1±7.1 years, $H\&Y$ stage 1–3,
                      medication OFF state) and 20 controls (66.1±7.5 years)
                      performed an iTUG (DynaPort®, McRoberts BV, The
                      Netherlands) under CS and FS conditions. The PD
                      Questionnaire 39 (PDQ-39) was employed to assess HRQoL.
                      General cognitive and executive functions were assessed
                      using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and the Trail Making
                      Test.ResultsThe total iTUG duration and sub-phases durations
                      under FS condition differentiated PD patients slightly
                      better from controls, compared to the CS condition. The
                      following sub-phases were responsible for the observed
                      longer total duration PD patients needed to perform the
                      iTUG: siwa, turn and wasi. None of the iTUG parameters
                      correlated relevantly with general cognitive function.
                      Turning duration and wasi maximum flexion velocity
                      correlated strongest with executive function. Walking back
                      duration correlated strongest with HRQoL.DiscussionThis
                      study confirms that mild- to moderate-stage PD patients need
                      more time to perform the iTUG than controls, and adds the
                      following aspects to current literature: FS may be more
                      powerful than CS to delineate subtle movement deficits in
                      mild- to moderate-stage PD patients; correlation levels of
                      intra-individual siwa and wasi parameters may be interesting
                      surrogate markers for the level of automaticity of performed
                      movements; and sub-phases and kinematic parameters of the
                      iTUG may have the potential to reflect executive functioning
                      and HRQoL aspects of PD patients.},
      keywords     = {Aged / Algorithms / Biomechanical Phenomena / Case-Control
                      Studies / Cognition / Cross-Sectional Studies / Female /
                      Gait Disorders, Neurologic: physiopathology / Humans / Male
                      / Middle Aged / Netherlands / Parkinson Disease:
                      physiopathology / Postural Balance / Prospective Studies /
                      Quality of Life / Time Factors},
      cin          = {AG Maetzler / AG Berg / Ext UKT-Trend / AG Gasser},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)5000024 / I:(DE-2719)5000055 /
                      I:(DE-2719)5000056 / I:(DE-2719)1210000},
      pnm          = {345 - Population Studies and Genetics (POF3-345) / 344 -
                      Clinical and Health Care Research (POF3-344)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-345 / G:(DE-HGF)POF3-344},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:27055262},
      pmc          = {pmc:PMC4824446},
      doi          = {10.1371/journal.pone.0151997},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/138479},
}