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@ARTICLE{Hong:138594,
      author       = {Hong, Ja Bin and Leonards, Christopher O and Endres,
                      Matthias and Siegerink, Bob and Liman, Thomas G},
      title        = {{A}nkle-{B}rachial {I}ndex and {R}ecurrent {S}troke {R}isk:
                      {M}eta-{A}nalysis.},
      journal      = {Stroke},
      volume       = {47},
      number       = {2},
      issn         = {0039-2499},
      address      = {Philadelphia, Pa.},
      publisher    = {Lippincott Williams $\&$ Wilkins},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2020-04916},
      pages        = {317-322},
      year         = {2016},
      abstract     = {The ankle-brachial index (ABI) is a fast, cheap,
                      noninvasive indicator of atherosclerotic burden that may
                      also be a predictor of stroke recurrence. In this systematic
                      review and meta-analysis, we sought to explore ABI's merit
                      as a marker for stroke recurrence and vascular risk by
                      synthesizing the data currently available in stroke
                      literature.We searched Embase, MEDLINE, and Pubmed databases
                      for prospective cohort studies that included consecutive
                      patients with stroke and transient ischemic attack, measured
                      ABI at baseline, and performed a follow-up assessment at
                      least 12 months after initial stroke or transient ischemic
                      attack. The following end points were chosen for our
                      analysis: recurrent stroke and combined vascular end point
                      (recurrent vascular event or vascular death). Crude risk
                      ratios and adjusted Cox proportional hazard ratios were
                      combined separately using the random-effects model.
                      Study-level characteristics (eg, percent of cohort with a
                      history of hypertension, average cohort age, level of
                      adjustment, and mean follow-up duration) were included as
                      covariates in a metaregression analysis.We identified 11
                      studies (5374 patients) that were not significantly
                      heterogeneous. Pooling adjusted hazard ratios showed that
                      low ABI was associated with both an increased hazard of
                      recurrent stroke (hazard ratio, 1.70; $95\%$ confidence
                      interval, 1.10-2.64) and an increased risk of vascular
                      events or vascular death (hazard ratio, 2.22; $95\%$
                      confidence interval, 1.67-2.97).Our results confirm the
                      positive association between ABI and stroke recurrence.
                      Further studies are needed to see whether inclusion of ABI
                      will help improve the accuracy of prediction models and
                      management of stroke patients.},
      keywords     = {Age Factors / Ankle Brachial Index: statistics $\&$
                      numerical data / Atherosclerosis: epidemiology /
                      Atherosclerosis: physiopathology / Humans / Hypertension:
                      epidemiology / Ischemic Attack, Transient: epidemiology /
                      Multivariate Analysis / Odds Ratio / Proportional Hazards
                      Models / Recurrence / Risk Assessment / Severity of Illness
                      Index / Stroke: epidemiology},
      cin          = {AG Endres},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)1811005},
      pnm          = {344 - Clinical and Health Care Research (POF3-344)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-344},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:26658450},
      doi          = {10.1161/STROKEAHA.115.011321},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/138594},
}