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@ARTICLE{Molderings:138621,
      author       = {Molderings, Gerhard J and Haenisch, Britta and Brettner,
                      Stefan and Homann, Jürgen and Menzen, Markus and Dumoulin,
                      Franz Ludwig and Panse, Jens and Butterfield, Joseph and
                      Afrin, Lawrence B},
      title        = {{P}harmacological treatment options for mast cell
                      activation disease.},
      journal      = {Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology},
      volume       = {389},
      number       = {7},
      issn         = {0028-1298},
      address      = {Heidelberg},
      publisher    = {Springer},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2020-04943},
      pages        = {671-694},
      year         = {2016},
      abstract     = {Mast cell activation disease (MCAD) is a term referring to
                      a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by aberrant
                      release of variable subsets of mast cell (MC) mediators
                      together with accumulation of either morphologically altered
                      and immunohistochemically identifiable mutated MCs due to MC
                      proliferation (systemic mastocytosis [SM] and MC leukemia
                      [MCL]) or morphologically ordinary MCs due to decreased
                      apoptosis (MC activation syndrome [MCAS] and
                      well-differentiated SM). Clinical signs and symptoms in MCAD
                      vary depending on disease subtype and result from excessive
                      mediator release by MCs and, in aggressive forms, from organ
                      failure related to MC infiltration. In most cases, treatment
                      of MCAD is directed primarily at controlling the symptoms
                      associated with MC mediator release. In advanced forms, such
                      as aggressive SM and MCL, agents targeting MC proliferation
                      such as kinase inhibitors may be provided. Targeted
                      therapies aimed at blocking mutant protein variants and/or
                      downstream signaling pathways are currently being developed.
                      Other targets, such as specific surface antigens expressed
                      on neoplastic MCs, might be considered for the development
                      of future therapies. Since clinicians are often
                      underprepared to evaluate, diagnose, and effectively treat
                      this clinically heterogeneous disease, we seek to
                      familiarize clinicians with MCAD and review current and
                      future treatment approaches.},
      subtyp        = {Review Article},
      keywords     = {Animals / Antineoplastic Agents: adverse effects /
                      Antineoplastic Agents: therapeutic use / Apoptosis / Cell
                      Degranulation: drug effects / Cell Proliferation: drug
                      effects / Histamine Antagonists: adverse effects / Histamine
                      Antagonists: therapeutic use / Humans / Immunosuppressive
                      Agents: adverse effects / Immunosuppressive Agents:
                      therapeutic use / Leukemia, Mast-Cell: drug therapy /
                      Leukemia, Mast-Cell: immunology / Leukemia, Mast-Cell:
                      metabolism / Leukemia, Mast-Cell: pathology / Mast Cells:
                      drug effects / Mast Cells: immunology / Mast Cells:
                      metabolism / Mast Cells: pathology / Mastocytosis, Systemic:
                      drug therapy / Mastocytosis, Systemic: immunology /
                      Mastocytosis, Systemic: metabolism / Mastocytosis, Systemic:
                      pathology / Molecular Targeted Therapy / Treatment Outcome /
                      Antineoplastic Agents (NLM Chemicals) / Histamine
                      Antagonists (NLM Chemicals) / Immunosuppressive Agents (NLM
                      Chemicals)},
      cin          = {AG Hänisch},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)1013010},
      pnm          = {345 - Population Studies and Genetics (POF3-345)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-345},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:27132234},
      pmc          = {pmc:PMC4903110},
      doi          = {10.1007/s00210-016-1247-1},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/138621},
}