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@ARTICLE{Gomm:138797,
      author       = {Gomm, Willy and von Holt, Klaus and Thomé, Friederike and
                      Broich, Karl and Maier, Wolfgang and Weckbecker, Klaus and
                      Fink, Anne and Doblhammer-Reiter, Gabriele and Haenisch,
                      Britta},
      title        = {{R}egular {B}enzodiazepine and {Z}-{S}ubstance {U}se and
                      {R}isk of {D}ementia: {A}n {A}nalysis of {G}erman {C}laims
                      {D}ata.},
      journal      = {Journal of Alzheimer's disease},
      volume       = {54},
      number       = {2},
      issn         = {1387-2877},
      address      = {Amsterdam},
      publisher    = {IOS Press},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2020-05119},
      pages        = {801-808},
      year         = {2016},
      abstract     = {While acute detrimental effects of benzodiazepine (BDZ),
                      and BDZ and related z-substance (BDZR) use on cognition and
                      memory are known, the association of BDZR use and risk of
                      dementia in the elderly is controversially discussed.
                      Previous studies on cohort or claims data mostly show an
                      increased risk for dementia with the use of BDZs or BDZRs.
                      For Germany, analyses on large population-based data sets
                      are missing.To evaluate the association between regular BDZR
                      use and incident any dementia in a large German claims data
                      set.Using longitudinal German public health insurance data
                      from 2004 to 2011 we analyzed the association between
                      regular BDZR use (versus no BDZR use) and incident dementia
                      in a case-control design. We examined patient samples
                      aged≥60 years that were free of dementia at baseline. To
                      address potential protopathic bias we introduced a lag time
                      between BDZR prescription and dementia diagnosis. Odds
                      ratios were calculated applying conditional logistic
                      regression, adjusted for potential confounding factors such
                      as comorbidities and polypharmacy.The regular use of BDZRs
                      was associated with a significant increased risk of incident
                      dementia for patients aged≥60 years (adjusted odds ratio
                      [OR] 1.21, $95\%$ confidence interval [CI] 1.13-1.29). The
                      association was slightly stronger for long-acting substances
                      than for short-acting ones. A trend for increased risk for
                      dementia with higher exposure was observed.The restricted
                      use of BDZRs may contribute to dementia prevention in the
                      elderly.},
      keywords     = {Aged / Aged, 80 and over / Benzodiazepines: adverse effects
                      / Benzodiazepines: chemistry / Case-Control Studies /
                      Dementia: chemically induced / Dementia: diagnosis /
                      Dementia: epidemiology / Drug Utilization: statistics $\&$
                      numerical data / Drug Utilization: trends / Female /
                      Follow-Up Studies / Germany: epidemiology / Humans /
                      Insurance Claim Reporting: statistics $\&$ numerical data /
                      Insurance Claim Reporting: trends / Longitudinal Studies /
                      Male / Middle Aged / Risk Factors / Benzodiazepines (NLM
                      Chemicals)},
      cin          = {AG Hänisch / U Clinical Researchers - Bonn / AG
                      Doblhammer},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)1013010 / I:(DE-2719)7000001 /
                      I:(DE-2719)1012002},
      pnm          = {344 - Clinical and Health Care Research (POF3-344) / 345 -
                      Population Studies and Genetics (POF3-345)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-344 / G:(DE-HGF)POF3-345},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:27567804},
      doi          = {10.3233/JAD-151006},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/138797},
}