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@ARTICLE{Baykara:138890,
      author       = {Baykara, Ebru and Gesierich, Benno and Adam, Ruth and
                      Tuladhar, Anil Man and Biesbroek, J Matthijs and Koek,
                      Huiberdina L and Ropele, Stefan and Jouvent, Eric and
                      Initiative, Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging and Chabriat,
                      Hugues and Ertl-Wagner, Birgit and Ewers, Michael and
                      Schmidt, Reinhold and de Leeuw, Frank-Erik and Biessels,
                      Geert Jan and Dichgans, Martin and Duering, Marco},
      title        = {{A} {N}ovel {I}maging {M}arker for {S}mall {V}essel
                      {D}isease {B}ased on {S}keletonization of {W}hite {M}atter
                      {T}racts and {D}iffusion {H}istograms.},
      journal      = {Annals of neurology},
      volume       = {80},
      number       = {4},
      issn         = {0364-5134},
      address      = {Hoboken, NJ},
      publisher    = {Wiley-Blackwell},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2020-05212},
      pages        = {581-592},
      year         = {2016},
      abstract     = {To establish a fully automated, robust imaging marker for
                      cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) and related cognitive
                      impairment that is easy to implement, reflects disease
                      burden, and is strongly associated with processing speed,
                      the predominantly affected cognitive domain in SVD.We
                      developed a novel magnetic resonance imaging marker based on
                      diffusion tensor imaging, skeletonization of white matter
                      tracts, and histogram analysis. The marker (peak width of
                      skeletonized mean diffusivity [PSMD]) was assessed along
                      with conventional SVD imaging markers. We first evaluated
                      associations with processing speed in patients with
                      genetically defined SVD (n = 113). Next, we validated our
                      findings in independent samples of inherited SVD (n = 57),
                      sporadic SVD (n = 444), and memory clinic patients with SVD
                      (n = 105). The new marker was further applied to healthy
                      controls (n = 241) and to patients with Alzheimer's disease
                      (n = 153). We further conducted a longitudinal analysis and
                      interscanner reproducibility study.PSMD was associated with
                      processing speed in all study samples with SVD (p-values
                      between 2.8 × 10(-3) and 1.8 × 10(-10) ). PSMD explained
                      most of the variance in processing speed (R(2) ranging from
                      $8.8\%$ to $46\%)$ and consistently outperformed
                      conventional imaging markers (white matter hyperintensity
                      volume, lacune volume, and brain volume) in multiple
                      regression analyses. Increases in PSMD were linked to
                      vascular but not to neurodegenerative disease. In
                      longitudinal analysis, PSMD captured SVD progression better
                      than other imaging markers.PSMD is a new, fully automated,
                      and robust imaging marker for SVD. PSMD can easily be
                      applied to large samples and may be of great utility for
                      both research studies and clinical use. Ann Neurol
                      2016;80:581-592.},
      keywords     = {Adult / Aged / Aged, 80 and over / Alzheimer Disease:
                      diagnostic imaging / Biomarkers / Cerebral Small Vessel
                      Diseases: complications / Cerebral Small Vessel Diseases:
                      diagnostic imaging / Cognitive Dysfunction: diagnostic
                      imaging / Cognitive Dysfunction: etiology / Cognitive
                      Dysfunction: physiopathology / Diffusion Tensor Imaging:
                      methods / Diffusion Tensor Imaging: standards / Female /
                      Humans / Male / Middle Aged / Reproducibility of Results /
                      White Matter: diagnostic imaging / Young Adult / Biomarkers
                      (NLM Chemicals)},
      cin          = {Clinical Dementia Research München},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)1111016},
      pnm          = {344 - Clinical and Health Care Research (POF3-344)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-344},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:27518166},
      doi          = {10.1002/ana.24758},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/138890},
}