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@ARTICLE{Herold:139025,
      author       = {Herold, Fabian and Orlowski, Katja and Börmel, Sabrina and
                      Müller, Notger G},
      title        = {{C}ortical activation during balancing on a balance board.},
      journal      = {Human movement science},
      volume       = {51},
      issn         = {0167-9457},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2020-05347},
      pages        = {51-58},
      year         = {2017},
      abstract     = {Keeping one's balance is a complex motor task which
                      requires the integration and processing of different sensory
                      information. For this, higher cortical processes are
                      essential. However, in the past research dedicated to the
                      brain's involvement in balance control has predominantly
                      used virtual reality paradigms whilst little is known about
                      cortical activation during the challenging balancing on
                      unstable surfaces (e.g. balance board). Hence, the main goal
                      of this study was the simultaneous evaluation of cortical
                      activation patterns and sway parameters during balancing on
                      a balance board.Ten healthy adults were instructed to
                      balance on a balance board while brain activation in
                      supplementary motor area (SMA), precentral gyrus (PrG) and
                      postcentral gyrus (PoG) was measured with functional
                      near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Additionally, sway
                      parameters were simultaneously recorded with one inertial
                      sensor.Enhanced activation of SMA, PrG and PoG was observed
                      when balancing was compared with still standing.
                      Furthermore, the sway of pelvis (indicated by root mean
                      square) increased in medio-lateral (ML) and
                      anterior-posterior (AP) direction during the balance
                      condition. Notably, a strong negative correlation was found
                      between SMA activation and sway in ML direction during
                      balancing, which was not observed during standing.Our
                      results underline the important role of sensorimotor
                      cortical areas for balance control. Moreover, the observed
                      correlations suggest a crucial involvement of SMA in online
                      control of sway in ML direction. Further research is needed
                      to understand the contribution of other cortical and
                      subcortcial areas to online balance control.},
      keywords     = {Adult / Biomechanical Phenomena: physiology / Brain Mapping
                      / Cerebral Cortex: physiology / Female / Hemoglobins:
                      metabolism / Humans / Male / Middle Aged / Oxyhemoglobins:
                      metabolism / Postural Balance: physiology / Spectroscopy,
                      Near-Infrared / Young Adult / Hemoglobins (NLM Chemicals) /
                      Oxyhemoglobins (NLM Chemicals) / deoxyhemoglobin (NLM
                      Chemicals)},
      cin          = {AG Müller},
      ddc          = {796},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)1310003},
      pnm          = {344 - Clinical and Health Care Research (POF3-344)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-344},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:27846398},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.humov.2016.11.002},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/139025},
}