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@ARTICLE{Llonch:139746,
      author       = {Llonch, Sílvia and Carido, Magdalena and Ader, Marius},
      title        = {{O}rganoid technology for retinal repair.},
      journal      = {Developmental biology},
      volume       = {433},
      number       = {2},
      issn         = {0012-1606},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2020-06068},
      pages        = {132-143},
      year         = {2018},
      abstract     = {A major cause for vision impairment and blindness in
                      industrialized countries is the loss of the light-sensing
                      retinal tissue in the eye. Photoreceptor damage is one of
                      the main characteristics found in retinal degeneration
                      diseases, such as Retinitis Pigmentosa or age-related
                      macular degeneration. The lack of effective therapies to
                      stop photoreceptor loss together with the absence of
                      significant intrinsic regeneration in the human retina
                      converts such degenerative diseases into permanent
                      conditions that are currently irreversible. Cell replacement
                      by means of photoreceptor transplantation has been proposed
                      as a potential approach to tackle cell loss in the retina.
                      Since the first attempt of photoreceptor transplantation in
                      humans, about twenty years ago, several research groups have
                      focused in the development and improvement of technologies
                      necessary to bring cell transplantation for retinal
                      degeneration diseases to reality. Progress in recent years
                      in the generation of human tissue derived from pluripotent
                      stem cells (PSCs) has significantly improved our tools to
                      study human development and disease in the dish.
                      Particularly the availability of 3D culture systems for the
                      generation of PSC-derived organoids, including the human
                      retina, has dramatically increased access to human material
                      for basic and medical research. In this review, we focus on
                      important milestones towards the generation of
                      transplantable photoreceptor precursors from PSC-derived
                      retinal organoids and discuss recent pre-clinical
                      transplantation studies using organoid-derived
                      photoreceptors in context to related in vivo work using
                      primary photoreceptors as donor material. Additionally, we
                      summarize remaining challenges for developing photoreceptor
                      transplantation towards clinical application.},
      subtyp        = {Review Article},
      keywords     = {Translational Research, Biomedical / Animals / Cellular
                      Reprogramming Techniques / Culture Media, Serum-Free:
                      pharmacology / Embryonic Stem Cells: cytology / Embryonic
                      Stem Cells: drug effects / Humans / Induced Pluripotent Stem
                      Cells: transplantation / Mice / Morphogenesis / Organoids:
                      transplantation / Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate:
                      transplantation / Pluripotent Stem Cells: transplantation /
                      Retina: cytology / Retinal Degeneration: therapy / Species
                      Specificity / Tissue Culture Techniques / Translational
                      Medical Research / Culture Media, Serum-Free (NLM
                      Chemicals)},
      cin          = {AG Karl},
      ddc          = {570},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)1710004},
      pnm          = {342 - Disease Mechanisms and Model Systems (POF3-342)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-342},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:29291970},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.09.028},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/139746},
}