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@ARTICLE{Killeen:140157,
      author       = {Killeen, Tim and Elshehabi, Morad and Filli, Linard and
                      Hobert, Markus A and Hansen, Clint and Rieger, David and
                      Brockmann, Kathrin and Nussbaum, Susanne and Zörner, Björn
                      and Bolliger, Marc and Curt, Armin and Berg, Daniela and
                      Maetzler, Walter},
      title        = {{A}rm swing asymmetry in overground walking.},
      journal      = {Scientific reports},
      volume       = {8},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {2045-2322},
      address      = {[London]},
      publisher    = {Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2020-06479},
      pages        = {12803},
      year         = {2018},
      abstract     = {Treadmill experiments suggest that left-dominant arm swing
                      is common in healthy walking adults and is modulated by
                      cognitive dual-tasking. Little is known about arm swing
                      asymmetry in overground walking. We report directional
                      (dASI) and non-directional arm swing symmetry indices
                      (ndASI) from 334 adults (mean age 68.6 ± 5.9 y)
                      walking overground at comfortable (NW) and fast (FW) speeds
                      and while completing a serial subtraction task (DT). dASI
                      and ndASI were calculated from sagittal shoulder range of
                      motion data generated by inertial measurement units affixed
                      to the wrist. Most $(91\%)$ participants were right-handed.
                      Group mean arm swing amplitude was significantly larger on
                      the left in all walking conditions. During NW, ndASI was
                      39.5 ± 21.8, with a dASI of 21.9 ± 39.5.
                      Distribution of dASI was bimodal with an approximately 2:1
                      ratio of left:right-dominant arm swing. There were no
                      differences in ndASI between conditions but dASI was smaller
                      during DT compared to FW (15.2 vs 24.6; p = 0.009).
                      Handedness was unrelated to ndASI, dASI or the change in ASI
                      metrics under DT. Left-dominant arm swing is the norm in
                      healthy human walking irrespective of walking condition or
                      handedness. As disease markers, ndASI and dASI may have
                      different and complementary roles.},
      keywords     = {Aged / Aged, 80 and over / Arm: physiology / Biomechanical
                      Phenomena / Female / Functional Laterality / Humans / Linear
                      Models / Male / Middle Aged / Walking: physiology},
      cin          = {AG Maetzler / Ext UKT-Trend / AG Gasser / AG Berg ; AG
                      Berg},
      ddc          = {600},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)5000024 / I:(DE-2719)5000056 /
                      I:(DE-2719)1210000 / I:(DE-2719)5000055},
      pnm          = {344 - Clinical and Health Care Research (POF3-344) / 345 -
                      Population Studies and Genetics (POF3-345)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-344 / G:(DE-HGF)POF3-345},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:30143717},
      pmc          = {pmc:PMC6109135},
      doi          = {10.1038/s41598-018-31151-9},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/140157},
}