000140475 001__ 140475 000140475 005__ 20240501120108.0 000140475 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1038/s41598-019-38733-1 000140475 0247_ $$2pmid$$apmid:30733546 000140475 0247_ $$2pmc$$apmc:PMC6367390 000140475 0247_ $$2altmetric$$aaltmetric:55214192 000140475 037__ $$aDZNE-2020-06797 000140475 041__ $$aEnglish 000140475 082__ $$a600 000140475 1001_ $$aWally, N.$$b0 000140475 245__ $$aPlasmid DNA contaminant in molecular reagents. 000140475 260__ $$a[London]$$bMacmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature$$c2019 000140475 264_1 $$2Crossref$$3online$$bSociety for Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration Inc.$$c2019-02-07 000140475 264_1 $$2Crossref$$3print$$bSociety for Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration Inc.$$c2019-12-01 000140475 3367_ $$2DRIVER$$aarticle 000140475 3367_ $$2DataCite$$aOutput Types/Journal article 000140475 3367_ $$0PUB:(DE-HGF)16$$2PUB:(DE-HGF)$$aJournal Article$$bjournal$$mjournal$$s1714473742_8221 000140475 3367_ $$2BibTeX$$aARTICLE 000140475 3367_ $$2ORCID$$aJOURNAL_ARTICLE 000140475 3367_ $$00$$2EndNote$$aJournal Article 000140475 520__ $$aBackground noise in metagenomic studies is often of high importance and its removal requires extensive post-analytic, bioinformatics filtering. This is relevant as significant signals may be lost due to a low signal-to-noise ratio. The presence of plasmid residues, that are frequently present in reagents as contaminants, has not been investigated so far, but may pose a substantial bias. Here we show that plasmid sequences from different sources are omnipresent in molecular biology reagents. Using a metagenomic approach, we identified the presence of the (pol) of equine infectious anemia virus in human samples and traced it back to the expression plasmid used for generation of a commercial reverse transcriptase. We found fragments of multiple other expression plasmids in human samples as well as commercial polymerase preparations. Plasmid contamination sources included production chain of molecular biology reagents as well as contamination of reagents from environment or human handling of samples and reagents. Retrospective analyses of published metagenomic studies revealed an inaccurate signal-to-noise differentiation. Hence, the plasmid sequences that seem to be omnipresent in molecular biology reagents may misguide conclusions derived from genomic/metagenomics datasets and thus also clinical interpretations. Critical appraisal of metagenomic data sets for the possibility of plasmid background noise is required to identify reliable and significant signals. 000140475 536__ $$0G:(DE-HGF)POF3-342$$a342 - Disease Mechanisms and Model Systems (POF3-342)$$cPOF3-342$$fPOF III$$x0 000140475 542__ $$2Crossref$$i2019-02-07$$uhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 000140475 588__ $$aDataset connected to CrossRef, PubMed, 000140475 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aComputational Biology 000140475 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aDNA Contamination 000140475 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aDNA, Viral: analysis 000140475 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aDNA, Viral: genetics 000140475 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aDiagnostic Errors: prevention & control 000140475 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aGenes, pol: genetics 000140475 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aHigh-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing 000140475 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aHumans 000140475 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aIndicators and Reagents: analysis 000140475 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aInfectious Anemia Virus, Equine: genetics 000140475 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aMetagenomics 000140475 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aPlasmids: analysis 000140475 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aPlasmids: genetics 000140475 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aRetrospective Studies 000140475 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aSequence Analysis, DNA: methods 000140475 7001_ $$aSchneider, M.$$b1 000140475 7001_ $$aThannesberger, J.$$b2 000140475 7001_ $$aKastner, M. T.$$b3 000140475 7001_ $$aBakonyi, T.$$b4 000140475 7001_ $$aIndik, S.$$b5 000140475 7001_ $$aRattei, T.$$b6 000140475 7001_ $$0P:(DE-2719)2811747$$aBedarf, J.$$b7$$udzne 000140475 7001_ $$aHildebrand, F.$$b8 000140475 7001_ $$aLaw, J.$$b9 000140475 7001_ $$aJovel, J.$$b10 000140475 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aSteininger, C.$$b11$$eCorresponding author 000140475 77318 $$2Crossref$$3journal-article$$a10.1038/s41598-019-38733-1$$b : Society for Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration Inc., 2019-02-07$$n1$$p1652$$tScientific Reports$$v9$$x2045-2322$$y2019 000140475 773__ $$0PERI:(DE-600)2615211-3$$a10.1038/s41598-019-38733-1$$gVol. 9, no. 1, p. 1652$$n1$$p1652$$q9:1<1652$$tScientific reports$$v9$$x2045-2322$$y2019 000140475 8564_ $$uhttps://pub.dzne.de/record/140475/files/DZNE-2020-06797.pdf$$yOpenAccess 000140475 8564_ $$uhttps://pub.dzne.de/record/140475/files/DZNE-2020-06797.pdf?subformat=pdfa$$xpdfa$$yOpenAccess 000140475 8567_ $$2Pubmed 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