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@ARTICLE{Knauss:140487,
      author       = {Knauss, S. and Ginesta Roque, L. and Hühnchen, P. and
                      Heinzerling, L. and Böhmerle, W. and Endres, M.},
      title        = {[{N}eurological side effects of checkpoint inhibitors].},
      journal      = {Der Nervenarzt},
      volume       = {90},
      number       = {2},
      issn         = {0028-2804},
      address      = {Heidelberg},
      publisher    = {Springer},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2020-06809},
      pages        = {138-147},
      year         = {2019},
      abstract     = {In recent years the treatment of many tumor entities has
                      been revolutionized by the use of modern immunotherapies
                      with checkpoint inhibitors; however, good response rates are
                      contrasted by many immune-mediated side effects.
                      Neurological immune-mediated side effects are rare but often
                      severe complications of checkpoint inhibitor
                      treatment.A systematic search in the PubMed and Web of
                      Sciences databases was carried out for case reports and
                      studies on neurological side effects during checkpoint
                      inhibitor treatment.A total of 42 articles on neurological
                      side effects of checkpoint inhibitors with a total of 85
                      reported cases could be identified. The most frequently
                      reported neurological side effects were myopathies,
                      neuropathies, diseases of the neuromuscular endplates and
                      encephalitides. Among those, encephalitides and myopathies
                      with accompanying myocarditis were associated with the
                      highest morbidity and mortality.Against the background of
                      a rapidly increasing use of checkpoint inhibitors, this
                      article provides an overview of currently available reports
                      on the clinical courses of neurological side effects.
                      Controlled studies on the treatment of neurological side
                      effects are lacking. From case studies it can be assumed
                      that early steroid treatment increases the probability of
                      a complete remission of neurological symptoms. Typical
                      symptom constellations must therefore be rapidly recognized
                      and an immunosuppressive treatment must be initiated.},
      keywords     = {Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological: adverse effects /
                      Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological: therapeutic use /
                      Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions / Humans /
                      Immunotherapy / Neoplasms: therapy / Nervous System
                      Diseases: chemically induced / Antineoplastic Agents,
                      Immunological (NLM Chemicals)},
      cin          = {AG Endres},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)1811005},
      pnm          = {344 - Clinical and Health Care Research (POF3-344)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-344},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:30073487},
      doi          = {10.1007/s00115-018-0571-8},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/140487},
}