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@ARTICLE{Galazky:140879,
      author       = {Galazky, I. and Kaufmann, J. and Voges, J. and Hinrichs, H.
                      and Heinze, H-J and Sweeney-Reed, C. M.},
      title        = {{N}euronal spiking in the pedunculopontine nucleus in
                      progressive supranuclear palsy and in idiopathic
                      {P}arkinson's disease.},
      journal      = {Journal of neurology},
      volume       = {266},
      number       = {9},
      issn         = {0340-5354},
      address      = {Berlin},
      publisher    = {Springer73057},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2020-07201},
      pages        = {2244-2251},
      year         = {2019},
      abstract     = {The pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) is engaged in posture
                      and gait control, and neuronal degeneration in the PPN has
                      been associated with Parkinsonian disorders. Clinical
                      outcomes of deep brain stimulation of the PPN in idiopathic
                      Parkinson's disease (IPD) and progressive supranuclear palsy
                      (PSP) differ, and we investigated whether the PPN is
                      differentially affected in these conditions. We had the rare
                      opportunity to record continuous electrophysiological data
                      intraoperatively in 30 s blocks from single microelectrode
                      contacts implanted in the PPN in six PSP patients and three
                      IPD patients during rest, passive movement, and active
                      movement. Neuronal spikes were sorted according to shape
                      using a wavelet-based clustering approach to enable
                      comparisons between individual neuronal firing rates in the
                      two disease states. The action potential widths showed a
                      bimodal distribution consistent with previous findings,
                      suggesting spikes from noncholinergic (likely glutamatergic)
                      and cholinergic neurons. A higher PPN spiking rate of narrow
                      action potentials was observed in the PSP than in the IPD
                      patients when pooled across all three conditions (Wilcoxon
                      rank sum test: p = 0.0141). No correlation was found
                      between firing rate and disease severity or duration. The
                      firing rates were higher during passive movement than rest
                      and active movement in both groups, but the differences
                      between conditions were not significant. PSP and IPD are
                      believed to represent distinct disease processes, and our
                      findings that the neuronal firing rates differ according to
                      disease state support the proposal that pathological
                      processes directly involving the PPN may be more pronounced
                      in PSP than IPD.},
      keywords     = {Action Potentials: physiology / Aged / Cohort Studies /
                      Electrodes, Implanted / Female / Humans / Intraoperative
                      Neurophysiological Monitoring: instrumentation /
                      Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring: methods / Male
                      / Middle Aged / Neurons: physiology / Parkinson Disease:
                      diagnosis / Parkinson Disease: physiopathology / Parkinson
                      Disease: surgery / Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nucleus:
                      physiology / Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive: diagnosis /
                      Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive: physiopathology /
                      Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive: surgery},
      cin          = {U Clinical Researchers - Magdeburg},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)7000000},
      pnm          = {344 - Clinical and Health Care Research (POF3-344)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-344},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:31155683},
      doi          = {10.1007/s00415-019-09396-9},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/140879},
}