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@PHDTHESIS{DaSilvaSantos:144833,
      author       = {Da Silva Santos, Telma},
      title        = {{A}xon growth of {CNS} neurons in three dimensions is
                      amoeboid-like and independent of adhesions},
      school       = {Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn},
      type         = {Dissertation},
      address      = {Bonn},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2020-00275},
      pages        = {137 pages : 39 figures, 12 movies, CD},
      year         = {2019},
      note         = {Dissertation, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität
                      Bonn, 2019},
      abstract     = {Neurons physiologically grow in a three-dimensional (3D)
                      environment. However, conventional cell culture systems for
                      neuronal studies have been made on a hard and flat surface.
                      Dimensionality is known to affect cytoskeletal organization,
                      molecular pathways and cell dynamics in fibroblasts,
                      dendritic cells and cancer cell lines. Here, I investigated
                      axonal growth in vitro through a reproducible method
                      representing a 3D and more physiological system. Overall
                      neuronal growth is higher in 3D compared to the conventional
                      two dimensions (2D) cultures, and the growth pattern matches
                      what I observed in a more physiological set-up, ex vivo. The
                      axonal growth cone morphology differs extensively,
                      suggesting that artifacts arise from the mechanical
                      properties of the 2D in vitro systems. Thus, the alterations
                      on the actin cytoskeleton that I measured contradict the
                      clutch model hypothesis to explain growth cone advancement.
                      Furthermore, I provide pieces of evidence of the forces
                      involved in physiological axonal elongation. I demonstrate
                      that growth cone advancement is independent of adhesions, in
                      accordance with the amoeboid movement, which is intimately
                      linked with actin dynamics and myosin II activity. ln this
                      work, I demonstrate how a 3D cell culture system offers
                      insights on neuronal physiological growth and the artifacts
                      associated with the conventional culture methods in 2D.
                      Thereby, this work tightens the gap between in vitro andin
                      vivo research.One Sentence Summary:The physiological
                      motility of the axonal growth cone is amoeboid and
                      independent of adhesions.},
      cin          = {AG Bradke},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)1013002},
      pnm          = {341 - Molecular Signaling (POF3-341)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-341},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)11},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/144833},
}