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000144984 041__ $$aEnglish
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000144984 1001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aGrigoriev, Olga$$b0$$eCorresponding author
000144984 245__ $$aChanging educational gradient in long-term care-free life expectancy among German men, 1997-2012.
000144984 260__ $$aSan Francisco, California, US$$bPLOS$$c2019
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000144984 520__ $$aThe inverse association between mortality and individual socioeconomic status is well-documented. Due to the lack of appropriate data, little is known about the nature of this association among individuals with long-term care (LTC) needs.We aim to fill in this knowledge gap by estimating life expectancy (LE), life expectancy without (CFLE) and with (CLE) long-term care by education for older German men; and by assessing the trends in the education-LE/CFLE/CLE gradient over time.We apply survival analysis and Gompertz regression to German Socioeconomic Panel data (1997-2012) to estimate the mortality levels and to construct the life tables for three educational categories. Using the administrative data from the health insurance, we adjust mortality rates upward to account for the institutionalized population. We estimate age-specific LTC prevalence from the German Microcensus data (2004, 2012) and compute life expectancy with and without LTC by employing Sullivan's method. Slope and Relative Indices of Inequality are computed to evaluate the magnitude of educational inequalities in CFLE.There is a clear and growing educational gradient in LE and CFLE among older men in Germany. In 2004, LE at age 65 among men with low education was 14.2 years, or 3.3 years lower than among highly educated individuals. The CFLE of these two educational categories ranged from 13.6 to almost 17 years. The gradient increased over time and in 2012 the difference constituted 4.6 years. The gaps between educational groups were not pronounced for CLE. The declining health ratio of years without LTC to remaining LE suggests the expansion of LTC needs, irrespective of the educational level.Growing inequalities by educational status among older German men with care needs demand the attention of policy-makers. Prompt actions are needed to increase the survival chances of the most vulnerable groups.
000144984 536__ $$0G:(DE-HGF)POF3-345$$a345 - Population Studies and Genetics (POF3-345)$$cPOF3-345$$fPOF III$$x0
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000144984 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aAged
000144984 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aAged, 80 and over
000144984 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aCohort Studies
000144984 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aEducational Status
000144984 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aGermany
000144984 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aHealth Services Needs and Demand: statistics & numerical data
000144984 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aHumans
000144984 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aLife Expectancy: trends
000144984 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aLife Tables
000144984 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aLong-Term Care: statistics & numerical data
000144984 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aMale
000144984 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aSocioeconomic Factors
000144984 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aSurvival Analysis
000144984 7001_ $$0P:(DE-2719)2811246$$aDoblhammer-Reiter, Gabriele$$b1$$eLast author$$udzne
000144984 77318 $$2Crossref$$3journal-article$$a10.1371/journal.pone.0222842$$b : Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2019-09-19$$n9$$pe0222842$$tPLOS ONE$$v14$$x1932-6203$$y2019
000144984 773__ $$0PERI:(DE-600)2267670-3$$a10.1371/journal.pone.0222842$$gVol. 14, no. 9, p. e0222842 -$$n9$$pe0222842$$tPLOS ONE$$v14$$x1932-6203$$y2019
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