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@ARTICLE{Wohlgemuth:145148,
      author       = {Wohlgemuth, Anne and Michalowsky, Bernhard and Wucherer,
                      Diana and Eichler, Tilly and Thyrian, Jochen René and
                      Zwingmann, Ina and Rädke, Anika and Hoffmann, Wolfgang},
      title        = {{D}rug-{R}elated {P}roblems {I}ncrease {H}ealthcare {C}osts
                      for {P}eople {L}iving with {D}ementia.},
      journal      = {Journal of Alzheimer's disease},
      volume       = {73},
      number       = {2},
      issn         = {1387-2877},
      address      = {Amsterdam},
      publisher    = {IOS Press},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2020-00507},
      pages        = {791-799},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {Drug-related problems (DRP) are common in the elderly
                      population, especially in people living with dementia (PwD).
                      DRP are associated with adverse outcomes that could result
                      in increased costs.The objective of the study was to analyze
                      the association between DRP and healthcare costs in PwD.The
                      analysis was based on the cross-sectional data of 424 PwD.
                      Compliance, adverse effects, and drug administration of
                      prescribed and over-the-counter drugs taken were assessed.
                      DRP were identified and classified by pharmacists using an
                      adapted German version of 'PIE-Doc®'. Healthcare
                      utilization was assessed retrospectively used to calculated
                      costs from a public payer perspective using standardized
                      unit costs. The associations between DRP and healthcare
                      costs were analyzed using multiple linear regression
                      models.394 PwD $(93\%)$ had at least one DRP. An
                      inappropriate drug choice was significantly associated with
                      increased total costs (b = 2,718€; $CI95\%$
                      1,448-3,988) due to significantly higher costs for
                      hospitalization (b = 1,936€; 670-3,202) and for
                      medications (b = 417€; 68-765). Problems with
                      medication dosage and drug interactions were significantly
                      associated with higher medication costs (b = 679€;
                      31-1,328; and b = 630€; 259-1,001, respectively).DRP
                      could significantly lead to adverse outcomes for PwD and
                      healthcare payers, reflected by a higher hospitalization and
                      costs, respectively. Further research is needed to clarify
                      on interventions and approaches efficiently avoiding DRP and
                      on the effect on patient-reported and economic outcomes.},
      keywords     = {Aged / Aged, 80 and over / Cross-Sectional Studies /
                      Dementia: economics / Drug Interactions / Drug-Related Side
                      Effects and Adverse Reactions: economics / Drug-Related Side
                      Effects and Adverse Reactions: epidemiology / Female /
                      Germany: epidemiology / Health Care Costs: statistics $\&$
                      numerical data / Humans / Male / Nonprescription Drugs /
                      Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Patient Compliance /
                      Pharmacists / Prescription Drugs / Retrospective Studies /
                      Socioeconomic Factors},
      cin          = {AG Michalowsky ; AG Michalowsky / AG Grabe / AG Thyrian /
                      AG Hoffmann},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)5000067 / I:(DE-2719)5000001 /
                      I:(DE-2719)1510800 / I:(DE-2719)1510600},
      pnm          = {344 - Clinical and Health Care Research (POF3-344)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-344},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:31884468},
      doi          = {10.3233/JAD-190819},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/145148},
}