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@INPROCEEDINGS{Wolbers:145624,
      author       = {Wolbers, Thomas},
      title        = {{P}hysiological changes through sensory augmentation in
                      path integration: an f{MRI} study},
      journal      = {Cognitive processing},
      volume       = {15},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {1612-4782},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2020-00954},
      pages        = {S73},
      year         = {2014},
      abstract     = {The theory of sensorimotor contingencies (SMCs) describes
                      qualita-tive experience as based on the dependency between
                      sensory inputand its preceding motor actions. To investigate
                      sensory processingand learning of new SMCs we used sensory
                      augmentation in a virtualpath integration task.
                      Specifically, we built a belt that maps direc-tional
                      information of a compass to a set of vibrating elements such
                      asthat the element pointing north is always activated. The
                      belt changesits tactile signals only by motor actions of the
                      belt-wearing partici-pants, i.e. when turning around.Nine
                      subjects wore the belt during all waking hours for
                      sevenweeks, 5 control subjects actively trained their
                      navigation, but withouta belt (age 19–32y, seven female).
                      Before and after the training periodwe presented in the fMRI
                      scanner a virtual path integration (PI) taskand a
                      corresponding control task with identical visual stimuli. In
                      halfof the trials of both tasks the belt was switched on,
                      coherentlyvibrating with the virtual movements of the
                      subjects.We used ROI analysis to concentrate on regions
                      relevant forspatial navigation and for sensory processing.
                      We used a mixed-effects ANOVA to decompose the four factors
                      belt on/off, belt/control subjects, PI/control task, and
                      before/after training. Themain effect PI[control task shows
                      large-scale differences in areasthat have been found to be
                      active in similar navigational taskssuch as medial superior
                      temporal cortices (MST), posterior parietalcortex (PPC),
                      ventral intraparietal areas, and caudate
                      nucleus.Additionally we found sensorimotor regions such as
                      supplementarymotor areas (SMA), insula, primary sensory
                      cortex, and precentralgyrus. The main effect belt on[off
                      reveals processing of the tactile signals in expected
                      sensory areas such as the primarysensory cortex,
                      supramarginal gyri, and Rolandic opercula. Insecond-level
                      analyses significant 2-way interactions between thebelt
                      on/off and pre/post training condition indicates an
                      involvementof Rolandic opercula, Insula, MST and PPC.
                      Inspection of theactivation intensities shows a significant
                      difference belt on[offonly in the first measurement before
                      the training period, but notafter the training period.In
                      summary, in fMRI we observe differential activations in
                      areasexpected for path integration tasks and tactile
                      stimulation. Additionally,we also found activation
                      differences for the belt signals well beyond the
                      somatosensory system, indicating that processing is not
                      limited to sen-sory areas but includes also higher level and
                      motor regions as predicted bythe theory of sensorimotor
                      contingencies. It is demonstrated that thebelt’s signal is
                      processed differently after the training period. Our
                      fMRIresults are also in line with subjective reports
                      indicating a qualitativechange in the perception of the belt
                      signals.},
      month         = {Sep},
      date          = {2014-09-29},
      organization  = {12th Biannual Conference of the German
                       Cognitive Science Society (Gesellschaft
                       für Kognitionswissenschaft), Tübingen
                       (Germany), 29 Sep 2014 - 2 Oct 2014},
      cin          = {AG Wolbers},
      ddc          = {150},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)1310002},
      pnm          = {344 - Clinical and Health Care Research (POF3-344)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-344},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)1 / PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/145624},
}