% IMPORTANT: The following is UTF-8 encoded.  This means that in the presence
% of non-ASCII characters, it will not work with BibTeX 0.99 or older.
% Instead, you should use an up-to-date BibTeX implementation like “bibtex8” or
% “biber”.

@INPROCEEDINGS{Hecker:145643,
      author       = {Hecker, J. and Prokopenko, D. and Lange, Christoph and
                      Loehlein Fier, H.},
      title        = {${A}18_$ {H}eritability {E}stimation from {S}ummary
                      {S}tatistics{U}sing {G}eneralized {E}stimating {E}quations},
      journal      = {Human heredity},
      volume       = {79},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {0001-5652},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2020-00973},
      pages        = {36},
      year         = {2015},
      abstract     = {Under the assumption of a polygenic architecture,
                      Yangshowed for complex traits that the test statistics in
                      genome-wideassociation studies are expected to be inflated,
                      even in the absenceof confounding biases like cryptic
                      relatedness or population stratification (Yang et al.,
                      2011).In a recently published work, Bulik-Sullivan and
                      Finucane (Bulik-Sullivan et al., 2015) provide a
                      methodological approach to differentiate between an
                      inflation resulting from a polygenic architecture and from
                      cryptic relatedness by considering all test
                      statisticssimultaneously. This makes it also possible to
                      estimate the narrowsense heritability from summary
                      statistics without requiring individual-level genotype
                      data.The approach of Bulik-Sullivan and Finucane
                      (Bulik-Sullivanet al., 2015) estimates so-called LD Scores
                      from a reference paneland utilizes these quantities as
                      covariates in a weighted linear regression of the squared
                      test statistics. Since the test statistics are
                      notindependent of each other, a bootstrap estimator is
                      applied to obtain robust standard errors.Building on the
                      same mean model, our objective is to incorporate more useful
                      extern information into the estimation in orderto improve
                      the efficiency of the estimation. In particular, we
                      dividethe genomic region into blocks of moderate size. For
                      these blocks,the correlation structure between squared test
                      statistics can be wellapproximated by LD information from a
                      reference panel. Our estimation procedure is based on
                      generalized estimating equations(GEE). We use the LD
                      information to set up the working-correlation matrices for
                      each block, whereas we do not require that nearby blocks are
                      independent. We show that the GEE-related asymptotic results
                      are still valid under reasonable assumptions. It is
                      important to note that the working-correlation matrices are
                      notrequired to be exactly the true correlation matrices in
                      order to obtain consistent estimates and correct standard
                      errors.In conclusion, these results imply that our approach
                      improvesthe heritability estimation framework.},
      month         = {Apr},
      date          = {2015-04-16},
      organization  = {43rd European Mathematical Genetics
                       Meeting 2015, Brest (France), 16 Apr
                       2015 - 17 Apr 2015},
      cin          = {U T4 Researchers - Bonn},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)7000008},
      pnm          = {345 - Population Studies and Genetics (POF3-345)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-345},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)1 / PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/145643},
}