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@ARTICLE{Stahn:153265,
      author       = {Stahn, Alexander Christoph and Riemer, Martin and Wolbers,
                      Thomas and Werner, Anika and Brauns, Katharina and Besnard,
                      Stephane and Denise, Pierre and Kühn, Simone and Gunga,
                      Hanns-Christian},
      title        = {{S}patial {U}pdating {D}epends on {G}ravity},
      journal      = {Frontiers in neural circuits},
      volume       = {14},
      issn         = {1662-5110},
      address      = {Lausanne},
      publisher    = {Frontiers Research Foundation},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2020-01262},
      pages        = {20},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {As we move through an environment the positions of
                      surrounding objects relative to our body constantly change.
                      Maintaining orientation requires spatial updating, the
                      continuous monitoring of self-motion cues to update external
                      locations. This ability critically depends on the
                      integration of visual, proprioceptive, kinesthetic, and
                      vestibular information. During weightlessness gravity no
                      longer acts as an essential reference, creating a
                      discrepancy between vestibular, visual and sensorimotor
                      signals. Here, we explore the effects of repeated bouts of
                      microgravity and hypergravity on spatial updating
                      performance during parabolic flight. Ten healthy
                      participants (four women, six men) took part in a parabolic
                      flight campaign that comprised a total of 31 parabolas. Each
                      parabola created about 20–25 s of 0 g, preceded and
                      followed by about 20 s of hypergravity (1.8 g). Participants
                      performed a visual-spatial updating task in seated position
                      during 15 parabolas. The task included two updating
                      conditions simulating virtual forward movements of different
                      lengths (short and long), and a static condition with no
                      movement that served as a control condition. Two trials were
                      performed during each phase of the parabola, i.e., at 1 g
                      before the start of the parabola, at 1.8 g during the
                      acceleration phase of the parabola, and during 0 g. Our data
                      demonstrate that 0 g and 1.8 g impaired pointing performance
                      for long updating trials as indicated by increased
                      variability of pointing errors compared to 1 g. In contrast,
                      we found no support for any changes for short updating and
                      static conditions, suggesting that a certain degree of task
                      complexity is required to affect pointing errors. These
                      findings are important for operational requirements during
                      spaceflight because spatial updating is pivotal for
                      navigation when vision is poor or unreliable and objects go
                      out of sight, for example during extravehicular activities
                      in space or the exploration of unfamiliar environments.
                      Future studies should compare the effects on spatial
                      updating during seated and free-floating conditions, and
                      determine at which g-threshold decrements in spatial
                      updating performance emerge.},
      keywords     = {Adult / Female / Gravitation / Gravity Sensing: physiology
                      / Humans / Hypergravity / Male / Middle Aged / Orientation,
                      Spatial: physiology / Space Flight: methods / Space Flight:
                      psychology / Spatial Navigation: physiology /
                      Weightlessness},
      cin          = {AG Falkenburger / AG Wolbers},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)1710012 / I:(DE-2719)1310002},
      pnm          = {344 - Clinical and Health Care Research (POF3-344)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-344},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:32581724},
      pmc          = {pmc:PMC7291770},
      doi          = {10.3389/fncir.2020.00020},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/153265},
}