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@ARTICLE{DaSilvaSantos:153281,
      author       = {Da Silva Santos, Telma and Schaffran, Barbara and
                      Broguière, Nicolas and Meyn, Liane and Zenobi-Wong, Marcy
                      and Bradke, Frank},
      title        = {{A}xon {G}rowth of {CNS} {N}eurons in {T}hree {D}imensions
                      {I}s {A}moeboid and {I}ndependent of {A}dhesions},
      journal      = {Cell reports},
      volume       = {32},
      number       = {3},
      issn         = {2211-1247},
      address      = {[New York, NY]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2020-01278},
      pages        = {107907},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {SummaryDuring development of the central nervous system
                      (CNS), neurons polarize and rapidly extend their axons to
                      assemble neuronal circuits. The growth cone leads the axon
                      to its target and drives axon growth. Here, we explored the
                      mechanisms underlying axon growth in three dimensions. Live
                      in situ imaging and super-resolution microscopy combined
                      with pharmacological and molecular manipulations as well as
                      biophysical force measurements revealed that growth cones
                      extend CNS axons independent of pulling forces on their
                      substrates and without the need for adhesions in
                      three-dimensional (3D) environments. In 3D, microtubules
                      grow unrestrained from the actomyosin cytoskeleton into the
                      growth cone leading edge to enable rapid axon extension.
                      Axons extend and polarize even in adhesion-inert matrices.
                      Thus, CNS neurons use amoeboid mechanisms to drive axon
                      growth. Together with our understanding that adult CNS axons
                      regenerate by reactivating developmental processes, our
                      findings illuminate how cytoskeletal manipulations enable
                      axon regeneration in the adult CNS.},
      keywords     = {Actins: metabolism / Actomyosin: metabolism / Animals /
                      Axons: metabolism / Cell Adhesion / Cell Polarity / Central
                      Nervous System: metabolism / Collagen: metabolism /
                      Fibroblasts: metabolism / Growth Cones: metabolism /
                      Hippocampus: embryology / Mice, Inbred C57BL / Microtubules:
                      metabolism / Neuronal Outgrowth / Polymerization},
      cin          = {AG Bradke / AG Tavosanis},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)1013002 / I:(DE-2719)1013018},
      pnm          = {341 - Molecular Signaling (POF3-341) / 342 - Disease
                      Mechanisms and Model Systems (POF3-342)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-341 / G:(DE-HGF)POF3-342},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:32698008},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107907},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/153281},
}