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@ARTICLE{Coors:155678,
      author       = {Coors, Annabell and Merten, Natascha and Ward, David D and
                      Schmid, Matthias and Breteler, Monique M B and Ettinger,
                      Ulrich},
      title        = {{S}trong age but weak sex effects in eye movement
                      performance in the general adult population: {E}vidence from
                      the {R}hineland {S}tudy.},
      journal      = {Vision research},
      volume       = {178},
      issn         = {0042-6989},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2021-00846},
      pages        = {124 - 133},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {Assessing physiological changes that occur with healthy
                      ageing is prerequisite for understanding pathophysiological
                      age-related changes. Eye movements are studied as biomarkers
                      for pathological changes because they are altered in
                      patients with neurodegenerative disorders. However, there is
                      a lack of data from large samples assessing age-related
                      physiological changes and sex differences in oculomotor
                      performance. Thus, we assessed and quantified
                      cross-sectional relations of age and sex with oculomotor
                      performance in the general population. We report results
                      from the first 4,000 participants (aged 30-95 years) of the
                      Rhineland Study, a community-based prospective cohort study
                      in Bonn, Germany. Participants completed fixation, smooth
                      pursuit, prosaccade and antisaccade tasks. We quantified
                      associations of age and sex with oculomotor outcomes using
                      multivariable linear regression models. Performance in 12
                      out of 18 oculomotor measures declined with increasing age.
                      No differences between age groups were observed in five
                      antisaccade outcomes (amplitude-adjusted and unadjusted peak
                      velocity, amplitude gain, spatial error and percentage of
                      corrected errors) and for blink rate during fixation. Small
                      sex differences occurred in smooth pursuit velocity gain
                      (men have higher gain) and blink rate during fixation (men
                      blink less). We conclude that performance declines with age
                      in two thirds of oculomotor outcomes but that there was no
                      evidence of sex differences in eye movement performance
                      except for two outcomes. Since the percentage of corrected
                      antisaccade errors was not associated with age but is known
                      to be affected by pathological cognitive decline, it
                      represents a promising candidate preclinical biomarker of
                      neurodegeneration.},
      keywords     = {Adult / Cross-Sectional Studies / Eye Movements / Female /
                      Humans / Male / Prospective Studies / Pursuit, Smooth /
                      Saccades / Aging (Other) / Biomarker (Other) / Epidemiology
                      (Other) / Neurodegenerative diseases (Other) / Saccade
                      (Other) / Sex differences (Other)},
      cin          = {AG Breteler},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)1012001},
      pnm          = {354 - Disease Prevention and Healthy Aging (POF4-354)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-354},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-2719)Rhineland Study-20190321},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:33387946},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.visres.2020.10.004},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/155678},
}