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@ARTICLE{Georges:157797,
      author       = {Georges, Daniela and Buber-Ennser, Isabella and Rengs,
                      Bernhard and Kohlenberger, Judith and Doblhammer-Reiter,
                      Gabriele},
      title        = {{H}ealth determinants among refugees in {A}ustria and
                      {G}ermany: {A} propensity-matched comparative study for
                      {S}yrian, {A}fghan, and {I}raqi refugees.},
      journal      = {PLOS ONE},
      volume       = {16},
      number       = {4},
      issn         = {1932-6203},
      address      = {San Francisco, California, US},
      publisher    = {PLOS},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2021-01254},
      pages        = {e0250821},
      year         = {2021},
      note         = {CC BY},
      abstract     = {In recent years, Germany and Austria have been among the
                      leading European receiving countries for asylum seekers and
                      refugees $(AS\&R).$ The two countries have cultural and
                      economic similarities, but differ, for example, in their
                      health care systems, with $AS\&R$ having unrestricted access
                      to health services upon arrival in Austria, but not in
                      Germany. This study investigates the determinants of health
                      among refugees in Austria and Germany, and how these
                      determinants differ between the two countries. We analyze
                      comparable and harmonized survey data from both countries
                      for Syrian, Afghan, and Iraqi nationals aged 18 to 59 years
                      who had immigrated between 2013 and 2016 (Germany: n =
                      2,854; Austria: n = 374). The study adopts a cross-sectional
                      design, and uses propensity score matching to examine
                      comparable $AS\&R$ in the two receiving countries. The
                      results reveal that the $AS\&R$ in Germany $(72\%)$ were
                      significantly less likely to report being in (very) good
                      health than their peers in Austria $(89\%).$ Age and
                      education had large impacts on health, whereas the effects
                      of length of stay and length of asylum process were smaller.
                      Compositional differences in terms of age, sex, nationality,
                      education, and partnership situation explained the country
                      differences only in part. After applying propensity score
                      matching to adjust for structural differences and to assess
                      non-confounded country effects, the probability of reporting
                      (very) good health was still 12 percentage points lower in
                      Germany than in Austria. We conclude that many of the
                      determinants of health among $AS\&R$ correspond to those in
                      the non-migrant population, and thus call for the
                      implementation of similar health policies. The health
                      disadvantage found among the $AS\&R$ in Germany suggests
                      that removing their initially restricted access to health
                      care may improve their health.},
      keywords     = {Adult / Afghanistan / Age Factors / Austria: ethnology /
                      Cross-Sectional Studies / Educational Status / Female /
                      Germany: ethnology / Health Policy / Health Services
                      Accessibility: statistics $\&$ numerical data / Health
                      Status / Humans / Iraq / Male / Middle Aged / Propensity
                      Score / Refugees: classification / Refugees: statistics $\&$
                      numerical data / Syria / Young Adult},
      cin          = {AG Doblhammer-Reiter},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)1012002},
      pnm          = {354 - Disease Prevention and Healthy Aging (POF4-354)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-354},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:33909696},
      pmc          = {pmc:PMC8081210},
      doi          = {10.1371/journal.pone.0250821},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/157797},
}