% IMPORTANT: The following is UTF-8 encoded.  This means that in the presence
% of non-ASCII characters, it will not work with BibTeX 0.99 or older.
% Instead, you should use an up-to-date BibTeX implementation like “bibtex8” or
% “biber”.

@ARTICLE{Vlkner:157808,
      author       = {Völkner, Manuela and Kurth, Thomas and Schor, Jana and
                      Ebner, Lynn J A and Bardtke, Lara and Kavak, Cagri and
                      Hackermüller, Jörg and Karl, Mike Oliver},
      title        = {{M}ouse {R}etinal {O}rganoid {G}rowth and {M}aintenance in
                      {L}onger-{T}erm {C}ulture.},
      journal      = {Frontiers in cell and developmental biology},
      volume       = {9},
      issn         = {2296-634X},
      address      = {Lausanne},
      publisher    = {Frontiers Media},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2021-01265},
      pages        = {645704},
      year         = {2021},
      note         = {CC BY},
      abstract     = {Using retinal organoid systems, organ-like 3D tissues,
                      relies implicitly on their robustness. However, essential
                      key parameters, particularly retinal growth and longer-term
                      culture, are still insufficiently defined. Here, we
                      hypothesize that a previously optimized protocol for high
                      yield of evenly-sized mouse retinal organoids with low
                      variability facilitates assessment of such parameters. We
                      demonstrate that these organoids reliably complete
                      retinogenesis, and can be maintained at least up to 60 days
                      in culture. During this time, the organoids continue to
                      mature on a molecular and (ultra)structural level: They
                      develop photoreceptor outer segments and synapses,
                      transiently maintain its cell composition for about 5-10
                      days after completing retinogenesis, and subsequently
                      develop pathologic changes - mainly of the inner but also
                      outer retina and reactive gliosis. To test whether this
                      organoid system provides experimental access to the retina
                      during and upon completion of development, we defined and
                      stimulated organoid growth by activating sonic hedgehog
                      signaling, which in patients and mice in vivo with a
                      congenital defect leads to enlarged eyes. Here, a sonic
                      hedgehog signaling activator increased retinal epithelia
                      length in the organoid system when applied during but not
                      after completion of development. This experimentally
                      supports organoid maturation, stability, and experimental
                      reproducibility in this organoid system, and provides a
                      potential enlarged retina pathology model, as well as a
                      protocol for producing larger organoids. Together, our study
                      advances the understanding of retinal growth, maturation,
                      and maintenance, and further optimizes the organoid system
                      for future utilization.},
      keywords     = {development (Other) / gliosis (Other) / growth (Other) /
                      maturation (Other) / mouse (Other) / organoid (Other) /
                      retina (Other) / sonic hedgehog (Other)},
      cin          = {AG Karl},
      ddc          = {570},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)1710004},
      pnm          = {352 - Disease Mechanisms (POF4-352)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-352},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:33996806},
      pmc          = {pmc:PMC8114082},
      doi          = {10.3389/fcell.2021.645704},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/157808},
}