% IMPORTANT: The following is UTF-8 encoded.  This means that in the presence
% of non-ASCII characters, it will not work with BibTeX 0.99 or older.
% Instead, you should use an up-to-date BibTeX implementation like “bibtex8” or
% “biber”.

@ARTICLE{Krmer:162916,
      author       = {Krämer, Benjamin and Knoll, Rainer and Bonaguro, Lorenzo
                      and ToVinh, Michael and Raabe, Jan and Astaburuaga-García,
                      Rosario and Schulte-Schrepping, Jonas and Kaiser, Kim
                      Melanie and Rieke, Gereon J and Bischoff, Jenny and Monin,
                      Malte B and Hoffmeister, Christoph and Schlabe, Stefan and
                      De Domenico, Elena and Reusch, Nico and Händler, Kristian
                      and Reynolds, Gary and Blüthgen, Nils and Hack, Gudrun and
                      Finnemann, Claudia and Nischalke, Hans D and Strassburg,
                      Christian P and Stephenson, Emily and Su, Yapeng and
                      Gardner, Louis and Yuan, Dan and Chen, Daniel and Goldman,
                      Jason and Rosenstiel, Philipp and Schmidt, Susanne V and
                      Latz, Eicke and Hrusovsky, Kevin and Ball, Andrew J and
                      Johnson, Joe M and Koenig, Paul-Albert and Schmidt, Florian
                      I and Haniffa, Muzlifah and Heath, James R and Kümmerer,
                      Beate M and Keitel, Verena and Jensen, Björn and
                      Stubbemann, Paula and Kurth, Florian and Sander, Leif E and
                      Sawitzki, Birgit and Aschenbrenner, Anna C and Schultze,
                      Joachim and Nattermann, Jacob and Altmüller, Janine and
                      Angelov, Angel and Aschenbrenner, Anna C and Bals, Robert
                      and Bartholomäus, Alexander and Becker, Anke and Becker,
                      Matthias Kai Holger and Bezdan, Daniela and Bitzer, Michael
                      and Blumert, Conny and Bonifacio, Ezio and Bork, Peer and
                      Boyke, Bunk and Blum, Helmut and Casadei, Nicolas and
                      Clavel, Thomas and Colome-Tatche, Maria and Cornberg, Markus
                      and De La Rosa Velázquez, Inti Alberto and Diefenbach,
                      Andreas and Dilthey, Alexander and Fischer, Nicole and
                      Förstner, Konrad and Franzenburg, Sören and Frick,
                      Julia-Stefanie and Gabernet, Gisela and Gagneur, Julien and
                      Ganzenmueller, Tina and Gauder, Marie and Geißert, Janina
                      and Goesmann, Alexander and Göpel, Siri and Grundhoff, Adam
                      and Grundmann, Hajo and Hain, Torsten and Hanses, Frank and
                      Hehr, Ute and Heimbach, André and Hoeper, Marius and Horn,
                      Friedemann and Hübschmann, Daniel and Hummel, Michael and
                      Iftner, Thomas and Iftner, Angelika and Illig, Thomas and
                      Janssen, Stefan and Kalinowski, Jörn and Kallies, René and
                      Kehr, Birte and Keller, Andreas and Keppler, Oliver T and
                      Kim-Hellmuth, Sarah and Klein, Christoph and Knop, Michael
                      and Kohlbacher, Oliver and Köhrer, Karl and Korbel, Jan and
                      Kremsner, Peter G and Kühnert, Denise and Kurth, Ingo and
                      Landthaler, Markus and Li, Yang and Ludwig, Kerstin U and
                      Makarewicz, Oliwia and Marini, Federico and Marz, Manja and
                      McHardy, Alice C and Mertes, Christian and Münchhoff,
                      Maximilian and Nahnsen, Sven and Nöthen, Markus M. and
                      Ntoumi, Francine and Nürnberg, Peter and Ossowski, Stephan
                      and Overmann, Jörg and Peter, Silke and Pfeffer, Klaus and
                      Pink, Isabell and Poetsch, Anna R and Protzer, Ulrike and
                      Pühler, Alfred and Rajewsky, Nikolaus and Ralser, Markus
                      and Reiche, Kristin and Rieß, Olaf and Ripke, Stephan and
                      Nunes da Rocha, Ulisses and Rosenstiel, Philip and Saliba,
                      Antoine-Emmanuel and Sander, Leif Erik and Sawitzki, Birgit
                      and Scheithauer, Simone and Schiffer, Philipp and
                      Schmid-Burgk, Jonathan and Schneider, Wulf and Schulte,
                      Eva-Christina and Schultze, Joachim and Sczyrba, Alexander
                      and Sharaf, Mariam and Singh, Yogesh and Sonnabend, Michael
                      and Stegle, Oliver and Stoye, Jens and Theis, Fabian and
                      Ulas, Thomas and Vehreschild, Janne and Velavan,
                      Thirumalaisamy P and Vogel, Jörg and Volland, Sonja and von
                      Kleist, Max and Walker, Andreas and Walter, Jörn and
                      Wieczorek, Dagmar and Winkler, Sylke and Ziebuhr, John},
      collaboration = {Initiative, Deutsche COVID-19 OMICS},
      title        = {{E}arly {IFN}-α signatures and persistent dysfunction are
                      distinguishing features of {NK} cells in severe {COVID}-19.},
      journal      = {Immunity},
      volume       = {54},
      number       = {11},
      issn         = {1074-7613},
      address      = {New York, NY},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2021-01569},
      pages        = {2650 - 2669.e14},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {Longitudinal analyses of the innate immune system,
                      including the earliest time points, are essential to
                      understand the immunopathogenesis and clinical course of
                      coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Here, we performed a
                      detailed characterization of natural killer (NK) cells in
                      205 patients (403 samples; days 2 to 41 after symptom onset)
                      from four independent cohorts using single-cell
                      transcriptomics and proteomics together with functional
                      studies. We found elevated interferon (IFN)-α plasma levels
                      in early severe COVD-19 alongside increased NK cell
                      expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) and genes involved
                      in IFN-α signaling, while upregulation of tumor necrosis
                      factor (TNF)-induced genes was observed in moderate
                      diseases. NK cells exert anti-SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute
                      respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) activity but are
                      functionally impaired in severe COVID-19. Further, NK cell
                      dysfunction may be relevant for the development of fibrotic
                      lung disease in severe COVID-19, as NK cells exhibited
                      impaired anti-fibrotic activity. Our study indicates
                      preferential IFN-α and TNF responses in severe and moderate
                      COVID-19, respectively, and associates a prolonged
                      IFN-α-induced NK cell response with poorer disease
                      outcome.},
      keywords     = {Base Sequence / COVID-19: immunology / Humans / Immunity,
                      Innate: immunology / Inflammation: immunology /
                      Interferon-alpha: blood / Interferon-alpha: immunology /
                      Killer Cells, Natural: immunology / Pulmonary Fibrosis:
                      pathology / RNA-Seq / SARS-CoV-2: immunology / Severity of
                      Illness Index / Transcriptome: genetics / Tumor Necrosis
                      Factor-alpha: metabolism / United Kingdom / United States /
                      COVID-19 (Other) / NK cells (Other) / TNF (Other) /
                      antiviral (Other) / lung fibrosis (Other) / moderate (Other)
                      / proteomics (Other) / scRNA-seq (Other) / severe (Other) /
                      type 1 IFN (Other) / IFNA1 protein, human (NLM Chemicals) /
                      Interferon-alpha (NLM Chemicals) / Tumor Necrosis
                      Factor-alpha (NLM Chemicals)},
      cin          = {Schultze - PRECISE / $R\&D$ PRECISE},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)1013031 / I:(DE-2719)5000031},
      pnm          = {354 - Disease Prevention and Healthy Aging (POF4-354)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-354},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:34592166},
      pmc          = {pmc:PMC8416549},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.immuni.2021.09.002},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/162916},
}