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@ARTICLE{Hermann:163434,
      author       = {Hermann, Peter and Villar-Piqué, Anna and Schmitz,
                      Matthias and Schmidt, Christian and Varges, Daniela and
                      Goebel, Stefan and Bunck, Timothy and Lindemann, Hanna and
                      Bogner, Carla and Santana, Isabel and Baldeiras, Inês and
                      Riggert, Joachim and Zerr, Inga and Llorens Torres, Francesc
                      Josep},
      title        = {{P}lasma {L}ipocalin 2 in {A}lzheimer's disease: potential
                      utility in the differential diagnosis and relationship with
                      other biomarkers.},
      journal      = {Alzheimer's research $\&$ therapy},
      volume       = {14},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {1758-9193},
      address      = {London},
      publisher    = {BioMed Central},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2022-00194},
      pages        = {9},
      year         = {2022},
      abstract     = {Lipocalin-2 is a glycoprotein that is involved in various
                      physiological and pathophysiological processes. In the
                      brain, it is expressed in response to vascular and other
                      brain injury, as well as in Alzheimer's disease in reactive
                      microglia and astrocytes. Plasma Lipocalin-2 has been
                      proposed as a biomarker for Alzheimer's disease but
                      available data is scarce and inconsistent. Thus, we
                      evaluated plasma Lipocalin-2 in the context of Alzheimer's
                      disease, differential diagnoses, other biomarkers, and
                      clinical data.For this two-center case-control study, we
                      analyzed Lipocalin-2 concentrations in plasma samples from a
                      cohort of n = 407 individuals. The diagnostic groups
                      comprised Alzheimer's disease (n = 74), vascular dementia (n
                      = 28), other important differential diagnoses (n = 221), and
                      healthy controls (n = 84). Main results were validated in an
                      independent cohort with patients with Alzheimer's disease (n
                      = 19), mild cognitive impairment (n = 27), and healthy
                      individuals (n = 28).Plasma Lipocalin-2 was significantly
                      lower in Alzheimer's disease compared to healthy controls (p
                      < 0.001) and all other groups (p < 0.01) except for mixed
                      dementia (vascular and Alzheimer's pathologic changes).
                      Areas under the curve from receiver operation
                      characteristics for the discrimination of Alzheimer's
                      disease and healthy controls were 0.783 $(95\%CI:$
                      0.712-0.855) in the study cohort and 0.766 $(95\%CI:$
                      0.627-0.905) in the validation cohort. The area under the
                      curve for Alzheimer's disease versus vascular dementia was
                      0.778 $(95\%CI:$ 0.667-0.890) in the study cohort. In
                      Alzheimer's disease patients, plasma Lipocalin2 did not show
                      significant correlation with cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers
                      of neurodegeneration and AD-related pathology (total-tau,
                      phosphorylated tau protein, and beta-amyloid 1-42),
                      cognitive status (Mini Mental Status Examination scores),
                      APOE genotype, or presence of white matter hyperintensities.
                      Interestingly, Lipocalin 2 was lower in patients with rapid
                      disease course compared to patients with non-rapidly
                      progressive Alzheimer's disease (p = 0.013).Plasma
                      Lipocalin-2 has potential as a diagnostic biomarker for
                      Alzheimer's disease and seems to be independent from
                      currently employed biomarkers.},
      keywords     = {Alzheimer Disease: blood / Alzheimer Disease: cerebrospinal
                      fluid / Alzheimer Disease: diagnosis / Amyloid
                      beta-Peptides: blood / Amyloid beta-Peptides: cerebrospinal
                      fluid / Biomarkers: blood / Biomarkers: cerebrospinal fluid
                      / Case-Control Studies / Cognitive Dysfunction: diagnosis /
                      Diagnosis, Differential / Humans / Lipocalin-2: blood / tau
                      Proteins / Alzheimer’s disease (Other) / Biomarker (Other)
                      / Dementia (Other) / Lipocalin 2 (Other) / Neutrophil
                      gelatinase-associated Lipocalin (Other) / Plasma (Other) /
                      Amyloid beta-Peptides (NLM Chemicals) / Biomarkers (NLM
                      Chemicals) / Lipocalin-2 (NLM Chemicals) / tau Proteins (NLM
                      Chemicals)},
      cin          = {AG Zerr / Ext UMG Zerr},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)1440011-1 / I:(DE-2719)5000037},
      pnm          = {353 - Clinical and Health Care Research (POF4-353)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-353},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:35027079},
      pmc          = {pmc:PMC8759265},
      doi          = {10.1186/s13195-021-00955-9},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/163434},
}