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@ARTICLE{Heinen:163623,
      author       = {Heinen, Tobias and Xie, Chen and Keshavarz, Maryam and
                      Stappert, Dominik and Künzel, Sven and Tautz, Diethard},
      title        = {{E}volution of a {N}ew {T}estis-{S}pecific {F}unctional
                      {P}romoter {W}ithin the {H}ighly {C}onserved {M}ap2k7 {G}ene
                      of the {M}ouse.},
      journal      = {Frontiers in genetics},
      volume       = {12},
      issn         = {1664-8021},
      address      = {Lausanne},
      publisher    = {Frontiers Media},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2022-00369},
      pages        = {812139},
      year         = {2022},
      abstract     = {Map2k7 (synonym Mkk7) is a conserved regulatory kinase gene
                      and a central component of the JNK signaling cascade with
                      key functions during cellular differentiation. It shows
                      complex transcription patterns, and different transcript
                      isoforms are known in the mouse (Mus musculus). We have
                      previously identified a newly evolved testis-specific
                      transcript for the Map2k7 gene in the subspecies M. m.
                      domesticus. Here, we identify the new promoter that drives
                      this transcript and find that it codes for an open reading
                      frame (ORF) of 50 amino acids. The new promoter was gained
                      in the stem lineage of closely related mouse species but was
                      secondarily lost in the subspecies M. m. musculus and M. m.
                      castaneus. A single mutation can be correlated with its
                      transcriptional activity in M. m. domesticus, and cell
                      culture assays demonstrate the capability of this mutation
                      to drive expression. A mouse knockout line in which the
                      promoter region of the new transcript is deleted reveals a
                      functional contribution of the newly evolved promoter to
                      sperm motility and the spermatid transcriptome. Our data
                      show that a new functional transcript (and possibly protein)
                      can evolve within an otherwise highly conserved gene,
                      supporting the notion of regulatory changes contributing to
                      the emergence of evolutionary novelties.},
      keywords     = {kinase (Other) / new promotor (Other) / regulatory
                      evolution (Other) / sperm maturation (Other) / testis
                      (Other)},
      cin          = {AG Ehninger},
      ddc          = {570},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)1013005},
      pnm          = {352 - Disease Mechanisms (POF4-352)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-352},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-2719)LAT-20190308},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:35069705},
      pmc          = {pmc:PMC8766832},
      doi          = {10.3389/fgene.2021.812139},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/163623},
}