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@ARTICLE{Michels:163984,
      author       = {Michels, Jennifer and van der Wurp, Hendrik and Kalbe, Elke
                      and Rehberg, Sarah and Storch, Alexander and Linse,
                      Katharina and Schneider, Christine and Gräber, Susanne and
                      Berg, Daniela and Dams, Judith and Balzer-Geldsetzer, Monika
                      and Hilker-Roggendorf, Rüdiger and Oberschmidt, Carola and
                      Baudrexel, Simon and Witt, Karsten and Schmidt, Nele and
                      Deuschl, Günther and Mollenhauer, Brit and Trenkwalder,
                      Claudia and Liepelt-Scarfone, Inga and Spottke, Annika and
                      Roeske, Sandra and Wüllner, Ullrich and Wittchen,
                      Hans-Ulrich and Riedel, Oliver and Kassubek, Jan and Dodel,
                      Richard and Schulz, Jörg Bernhard and Costa, Ana Sofia and
                      Reetz, Kathrin},
      title        = {{L}ong-{T}erm {C}ognitive {D}ecline {R}elated to the
                      {M}otor {P}henotype in {P}arkinson's {D}isease.},
      journal      = {Journal of Parkinson's Disease},
      volume       = {12},
      number       = {3},
      issn         = {1877-7171},
      address      = {Amsterdam},
      publisher    = {IOS Press},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2022-00653},
      pages        = {905 - 916},
      year         = {2022},
      abstract     = {Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with various
                      non-motor symptoms, including cognitive deterioration.Here,
                      we used data from the DEMPARK/LANDSCAPE cohort to describe
                      the association between progression of cognitive profiles
                      and the PD motor phenotypes: postural instability and gait
                      disorder (PIGD), tremor-dominant (TR-D), and not-determined
                      (ND).Demographic, clinical, and neuropsychological six-year
                      longitudinal data of 711 PD-patients were included (age: M =
                      67.57; $67.4\%$ males). We computed z-transformed composite
                      scores for a priori defined cognitive domains. Analyses were
                      controlled for age, gender, education, and disease duration.
                      To minimize missing data and drop-outs, three-year follow-up
                      data of 442 PD-patients was assessed with regard to the
                      specific role of motor phenotype on cognitive decline using
                      linear mixed modelling (age: M = 66.10; $68.6\%$ males).Our
                      study showed that in the course of the disease motor
                      symptoms increased while MMSE and PANDA remained stable in
                      all subgroups. After three-year follow-up, significant
                      decline of overall cognitive performance for PIGD-patients
                      were present and we found differences for motor phenotypes
                      in attention (β= -0.08, SE = 0.003, p < 0.006) and memory
                      functions showing that PIGD-patients deteriorate per months
                      by -0.006 compared to the ND-group (SE = 0.003, p = 0.046).
                      Furthermore, PIGD-patients experienced more often
                      difficulties in daily living.Over a period of three years,
                      we identified distinct neuropsychological progression
                      patterns with respect to different PD motor phenotypes, with
                      early executive deficits yielding to a more amnestic profile
                      in the later course. Here, in particular PIGD-patients
                      worsened over time compared to TR-D and ND-patients,
                      highlighting the greater risk of dementia for this motor
                      phenotype.},
      keywords     = {Cognitive Dysfunction: complications / Female / Gait
                      Disorders, Neurologic: diagnosis / Humans / Male /
                      Neuropsychological Tests / Parkinson Disease: diagnosis /
                      Phenotype / Postural Balance / Tremor: diagnosis / Cognitive
                      decline (Other) / Parkinson’s disease (Other) / dementia
                      (Other) / longitudinal (Other) / mild cognitive impairment
                      (Other) / postural instability and gait disorder (Other) /
                      progression (Other) / tremor-dominant (Other)},
      cin          = {AG Storch / Core ICRU / AG Jucker / AG Berg ; AG Berg / AG
                      Klockgether / AG Wagner / AG Wüllner},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)5000014 / I:(DE-2719)1240005 /
                      I:(DE-2719)1210001 / I:(DE-2719)5000055 / I:(DE-2719)1011001
                      / I:(DE-2719)1011201 / I:(DE-2719)1011302},
      pnm          = {353 - Clinical and Health Care Research (POF4-353) / 352 -
                      Disease Mechanisms (POF4-352)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-353 / G:(DE-HGF)POF4-352},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:35068416},
      doi          = {10.3233/JPD-212787},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/163984},
}