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@ARTICLE{Bonnekoh:164068,
      author       = {Bonnekoh, Linda M and Seidenbecher, Stephanie and Knigge,
                      Katrin and Hünecke, Anne-Kathrin and Metzger, Coraline D
                      and Tempelmann, Claus and Kanowski, Martin and Kaufmann,
                      Jörn and Meyer-Lotz, Gabriela and Schlaaff, Konstantin and
                      Dobrowolny, Henrik and Tozzi, Leonardo and Gescher, Dorothee
                      M and Steiner, Johann and Kirschbaum, Clemens and Frodl,
                      Thomas},
      title        = {{L}ong-term cortisol stress response in depression and
                      comorbid anxiety is linked with reduced {N}-acetylaspartate
                      in the anterior cingulate cortex.},
      journal      = {The world journal of biological psychiatry},
      volume       = {24},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {1562-2975},
      address      = {Abingdon},
      publisher    = {Taylor $\&$ Francis Group},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2022-00731},
      pages        = {34-45},
      year         = {2023},
      abstract     = {Major Depression (MDD) and anxiety disorders are
                      stress-related disorders that share pathophysiological
                      mechanisms. There is evidence for alterations of
                      glutamate-glutamine, N-acetylaspartate (NAA) and GABA in the
                      anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), a stress-sensitive region
                      affected by hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA). The
                      aim was to investigate metabolic alterations in the ACC and
                      whether hair cortisol, current stress or early life
                      adversity predict them.We investigated 22 patients with MDD
                      and comorbid anxiety disorder and 23 healthy controls.
                      Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy was performed with
                      voxels placed in pregenual (pg) and dorsal (d) ACC in 3 T.
                      Analysis of hair cortisol was performed using liquid
                      chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).The
                      N-acetylaspartate/Creatin ratio (NAA/Cr) was reduced in
                      patients in both pgACC (p = .040) and dACC (p = .016). A
                      significant interactive effect of diagnosis and cortisol on
                      both pg-NAA/Cr (F = 5.00, p = .033) and d-NAA/Cr (F = 7.86,
                      p = .009) was detected, whereby in controls cortisol was
                      positively correlated with d-NAA/Cr (r = 0.61, p = .004).Our
                      results suggest a relationship between NAA metabolism in ACC
                      and HPA axis activity as represented by long-term cortisol
                      output.},
      keywords     = {Humans / Hydrocortisone: metabolism /
                      Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System: metabolism / Gyrus Cinguli:
                      metabolism / Chromatography, Liquid / Depression /
                      Pituitary-Adrenal System: metabolism / Tandem Mass
                      Spectrometry / Depressive Disorder, Major: metabolism /
                      Anxiety / Aspartic Acid: metabolism / Anxiety Disorders /
                      anterior (Other) / anxiety disorders (Other) / depression
                      (Other) / magnet resonance spectroscopy (Other) / stress
                      (Other)},
      cin          = {Core Technical Staff},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)1340007},
      pnm          = {899 - ohne Topic (POF4-899)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-899},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:35332851},
      doi          = {10.1080/15622975.2022.2058084},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/164068},
}