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@ARTICLE{Mayer:164189,
      author       = {Mayer, Geert and Happe, Svenja and Evers, Stefan and
                      Hermann, Wiebke and Jansen, Sabine and Kallweit, Ulf and
                      Muntean, Maria-Lucia and Pöhlau, Dieter and Riemann, Dieter
                      and Saletu, Michael and Schichl, Melanie and Schmitt,
                      Wolfgang J and Sixel-Döring, Friederike and Young, Peter},
      title        = {{I}nsomnia in neurological diseases.},
      journal      = {Neurological research and practice},
      volume       = {3},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {2524-3489},
      address      = {[London]},
      publisher    = {BioMed Central},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2022-00845},
      pages        = {15},
      year         = {2021},
      note         = {(CC BY)},
      abstract     = {Insomnia is defined as difficulties of initiating and
                      maintaining sleep, early awakening and poor subjective sleep
                      quality despite adequate opportunity and circumstances for
                      sleep with impairment of daytime performance. These
                      components of insomnia - namely persistent sleep
                      difficulties despite of adequate sleep opportunity resulting
                      in daytime dysfunction - appear secondary or co-morbid to
                      neurological diseases. Comorbid insomnia originates from
                      neurodegenerative, inflammatory, traumatic or ischemic
                      changes in sleep regulating brainstem and hypothalamic
                      nuclei with consecutive changes of neurotransmitters.
                      Symptoms of neurological disorders (i.e motor deficits),
                      co-morbidities (i.e. pain, depression, anxiety) and some
                      disease-specific pharmaceuticals may cause insomnia and/or
                      other sleep problems.This guideline focuses on insomnias in
                      headaches, neurodegenerative movement disorders, multiple
                      sclerosis, traumatic brain injury, epilepsies, stroke,
                      neuromuscular disease and dementia.The most important new
                      recommendations are: Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBTi) is
                      recommended to treat acute and chronic insomnia in headache
                      patients. Insomnia is one of the most frequent sleep
                      complaints in neurodegenerative movement disorders. Patients
                      may benefit from CBTi, antidepressants (trazodone, doxepin),
                      melatonin and gaba-agonists. Insomnia is a frequent
                      precursor of MS symptoms by up to 10 years. CBTi is
                      recommended in patients with MS, traumatic brain injury and.
                      Melatonin may improve insomnia symptoms in children with
                      epilepsies. Patients with insomnia after stroke can be
                      treated with benzodiazepine receptor agonists and sedating
                      antidepressants. For patients with dementia suffering from
                      insomnia trazodone, light therapy and physical exercise are
                      recommended.},
      keywords     = {Classifications (Other) / Cognitive behavioral therapy
                      (Other) / Comorbid diseases (Other) / Diagnostic instruments
                      (Other) / Insomnia (Other) / Neurological diseases (Other) /
                      Therapeutic recommendations (Other)},
      cin          = {AG Teipel},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)1510100},
      pnm          = {353 - Clinical and Health Care Research (POF4-353)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-353},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:33691803},
      pmc          = {pmc:PMC7944611},
      doi          = {10.1186/s42466-021-00106-3},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/164189},
}