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000164663 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.3233/JAD-220248
000164663 0247_ $$2ISSN$$a1387-2877
000164663 0247_ $$2ISSN$$a1875-8908
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000164663 037__ $$aDZNE-2022-01193
000164663 041__ $$aEnglish
000164663 082__ $$a610
000164663 1001_ $$aHaehner, Antje$$b0
000164663 245__ $$aTraining with Odors Impacts Hippocampal Thickness in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment
000164663 260__ $$aAmsterdam$$bIOS Press$$c2022
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000164663 520__ $$aThe olfactory system is affected early in Alzheimer’s disease and olfactory loss can already be observed in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Olfactory training is effective for improving olfactory and cognitive function by stimulating the olfactory pathway, but its effect on patients with MCI remains unclear.Objective:The aim of this randomized, prospective, controlled, blinded study was to assess whether a 4-month period of olfactory training (frequent short-term sniffing various odors) may have an effect on olfactory function, cognitive function, and morphology of medial temporal lobe (MTL) subregions and olfactory bulb in MCI patients.Methods:A total of thirty-seven MCI patients were randomly assigned to the training group or a placebo group, which were performed twice a day for 4 months. Olfactory assessments, cognitive tests and magnetic resonance imaging were performed at the baseline and follow-up period.Results:After the training, there was an increase in odor discrimination, and increased cortical thickness of bilateral hippocampus (CA23DG and CA1) and mean MTL. Additionally, the change of olfactory score was positively associated with change of volume of olfactory bulb and hippocampus; the change of global cognition was positively associated with change of cortical thickness of hippocampus, entorhinal cortex and mean MTL; the change of cortical thickness of entorhinal cortex was positively associated with change of executive function.Conclusion:Olfactory training was associated with an increase in cortical thickness of the hippocampus but not olfactory bulb volume in patients with MCI. Olfactory training may serve as an early intervention of preventing hippocampal atrophy.
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000164663 650_7 $$2Other$$aCortical thickness
000164663 650_7 $$2Other$$ahippocampus
000164663 650_7 $$2Other$$amild cognitive impairment
000164663 650_7 $$2Other$$aolfactory bulb
000164663 650_7 $$2Other$$aolfactory training
000164663 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aAlzheimer Disease: pathology
000164663 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aCognitive Dysfunction: diagnostic imaging
000164663 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aCognitive Dysfunction: pathology
000164663 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aCognitive Dysfunction: therapy
000164663 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aEntorhinal Cortex: pathology
000164663 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aHippocampus: pathology
000164663 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aHumans
000164663 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aMagnetic Resonance Imaging: methods
000164663 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aOdorants
000164663 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aProspective Studies
000164663 7001_ $$aChen, Ben$$b1
000164663 7001_ $$aEspin, Melanie$$b2
000164663 7001_ $$0P:(DE-2719)9000458$$aHaussmann, Robert$$b3$$udzne
000164663 7001_ $$aMatthes, Claudia$$b4
000164663 7001_ $$aDesser, Dmitriy$$b5
000164663 7001_ $$aLoessner, Lorenz$$b6
000164663 7001_ $$0P:(DE-2719)2812107$$aBrandt, Moritz D.$$b7$$udzne
000164663 7001_ $$0P:(DE-2719)2501739$$aDonix, Markus$$b8$$udzne
000164663 7001_ $$aHummel, Thomas$$b9
000164663 773__ $$0PERI:(DE-600)2070772-1$$a10.3233/JAD-220248$$gp. 1 - 13$$n2$$p743-755$$tJournal of Alzheimer's disease$$v88$$x1387-2877$$y2022
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