TY  - JOUR
AU  - Haehner, Antje
AU  - Chen, Ben
AU  - Espin, Melanie
AU  - Haussmann, Robert
AU  - Matthes, Claudia
AU  - Desser, Dmitriy
AU  - Loessner, Lorenz
AU  - Brandt, Moritz D.
AU  - Donix, Markus
AU  - Hummel, Thomas
TI  - Training with Odors Impacts Hippocampal Thickness in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment
JO  - Journal of Alzheimer's disease
VL  - 88
IS  - 2
SN  - 1387-2877
CY  - Amsterdam
PB  - IOS Press
M1  - DZNE-2022-01193
SP  - 743-755
PY  - 2022
AB  - The olfactory system is affected early in Alzheimer’s disease and olfactory loss can already be observed in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Olfactory training is effective for improving olfactory and cognitive function by stimulating the olfactory pathway, but its effect on patients with MCI remains unclear.Objective:The aim of this randomized, prospective, controlled, blinded study was to assess whether a 4-month period of olfactory training (frequent short-term sniffing various odors) may have an effect on olfactory function, cognitive function, and morphology of medial temporal lobe (MTL) subregions and olfactory bulb in MCI patients.Methods:A total of thirty-seven MCI patients were randomly assigned to the training group or a placebo group, which were performed twice a day for 4 months. Olfactory assessments, cognitive tests and magnetic resonance imaging were performed at the baseline and follow-up period.Results:After the training, there was an increase in odor discrimination, and increased cortical thickness of bilateral hippocampus (CA23DG and CA1) and mean MTL. Additionally, the change of olfactory score was positively associated with change of volume of olfactory bulb and hippocampus; the change of global cognition was positively associated with change of cortical thickness of hippocampus, entorhinal cortex and mean MTL; the change of cortical thickness of entorhinal cortex was positively associated with change of executive function.Conclusion:Olfactory training was associated with an increase in cortical thickness of the hippocampus but not olfactory bulb volume in patients with MCI. Olfactory training may serve as an early intervention of preventing hippocampal atrophy.
KW  - Alzheimer Disease: pathology
KW  - Cognitive Dysfunction: diagnostic imaging
KW  - Cognitive Dysfunction: pathology
KW  - Cognitive Dysfunction: therapy
KW  - Entorhinal Cortex: pathology
KW  - Hippocampus: pathology
KW  - Humans
KW  - Magnetic Resonance Imaging: methods
KW  - Odorants
KW  - Prospective Studies
KW  - Cortical thickness (Other)
KW  - hippocampus (Other)
KW  - mild cognitive impairment (Other)
KW  - olfactory bulb (Other)
KW  - olfactory training (Other)
LB  - PUB:(DE-HGF)16
C6  - pmid:35694924
DO  - DOI:10.3233/JAD-220248
UR  - https://pub.dzne.de/record/164663
ER  -