% IMPORTANT: The following is UTF-8 encoded.  This means that in the presence
% of non-ASCII characters, it will not work with BibTeX 0.99 or older.
% Instead, you should use an up-to-date BibTeX implementation like “bibtex8” or
% “biber”.

@ARTICLE{Berron:164826,
      author       = {Berron, David and Ziegler, Gabriel and Vieweg, Paula and
                      Billette, Ornella and Guesten, Jeremie and Grande, Xenia and
                      Heneka, Michael T. and Schneider, Anja and Teipel, Stefan
                      and Jessen, Frank and Wagner, Michael and Düzel, Emrah},
      title        = {{F}easibility of {D}igital {M}emory {A}ssessments in an
                      {U}nsupervised and {R}emote {S}tudy {S}etting},
      journal      = {Frontiers in digital health},
      volume       = {4},
      issn         = {2673-253X},
      address      = {Lausanne},
      publisher    = {Frontiers Media},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2022-01270},
      pages        = {892997},
      year         = {2022},
      note         = {CC BY},
      abstract     = {Sensitive and frequent digital remote memory assessments
                      via mobile devices hold the promise to facilitate the
                      detection of cognitive impairment and decline. However, in
                      order to be successful at scale, cognitive tests need to be
                      applicable in unsupervised settings and confounding factors
                      need to be understood. This study explored the feasibility
                      of completely unsupervised digital cognitive assessments
                      using three novel memory tasks in a Citizen Science project
                      across Germany. To that end, the study aimed to identify
                      factors associated with stronger participant retention, to
                      examine test-retest reliability and the extent of practice
                      effects, as well as to investigate the influence of
                      uncontrolled settings such as time of day, delay between
                      sessions or screen size on memory performance. A total of
                      1,407 adults (aged 18–89) participated in the study for up
                      to 12 weeks, completing weekly memory tasks in addition to
                      short questionnaires regarding sleep duration, subjective
                      cognitive complaints as well as cold symptoms. Participation
                      across memory tasks was pseudorandomized such that
                      individuals were assigned to one of three memory paradigms
                      resulting in three otherwise identical sub-studies. One
                      hundred thirty-eight participants contributed to two of the
                      three paradigms. Critically, for each memory task 12
                      independent parallel test sets were used to minimize effects
                      of repeated testing. First, we observed a mean participant
                      retention time of 44 days, or 4 active test sessions, and
                      $77.5\%$ compliance to the study protocol in an unsupervised
                      setting with no contact between participants and study
                      personnel, payment or feedback. We identified subject-level
                      factors that contributed to higher retention times. Second,
                      we found minor practice effects associated with repeated
                      cognitive testing, and reveal evidence for
                      acceptable-to-good retest reliability of mobile testing.
                      Third, we show that memory performance assessed through
                      repeated digital assessments was strongly associated with
                      age in all paradigms, and individuals with subjectively
                      reported cognitive decline presented lower mnemonic
                      discrimination accuracy compared to non-complaining
                      participants. Finally, we identified design-related factors
                      that need to be incorporated in future studies such as the
                      time delay between test sessions. Our results demonstrate
                      the feasibility of fully unsupervised digital remote memory
                      assessments and identify critical factors to account for in
                      future studies.},
      cin          = {AG Berron / AG Düzel / AG Nestor / Biomarker / AG
                      Schneider / AG Teipel / AG Jessen / AG Wagner},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)5000070 / I:(DE-2719)5000006 /
                      I:(DE-2719)1310001 / I:(DE-2719)1011301 / I:(DE-2719)1011305
                      / I:(DE-2719)1510100 / I:(DE-2719)1011102 /
                      I:(DE-2719)1011201},
      pnm          = {353 - Clinical and Health Care Research (POF4-353)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-353},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pmc          = {pmc:PMC9199443},
      pubmed       = {pmid:35721797},
      doi          = {10.3389/fdgth.2022.892997},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/164826},
}