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@ARTICLE{Hartung:165278,
      author       = {Hartung, Tim J and Neumann, Christian and Bahmer, Thomas
                      and Chaplinskaya-Sobol, Irina and Endres, Matthias and
                      Geritz, Johanna and Haeusler, Karl Georg and Heuschmann,
                      Peter U and Hildesheim, Hanna and Hinz, Andreas and Hopff,
                      Sina and Horn, Anna and Krawczak, Michael and Krist, Lilian
                      and Kudelka, Jennifer and Lieb, Wolfgang and Maetzler,
                      Corina and Mehnert-Theuerkauf, Anja and Montellano, Felipe A
                      and Morbach, Caroline and Schmidt, Sein and Schreiber,
                      Stefan and Steigerwald, Flo and Störk, Stefan and Maetzler,
                      Walter and Finke, Carsten},
      title        = {{F}atigue and cognitive impairment after {COVID}-19: {A}
                      prospective multicentre study.},
      journal      = {EClinicalMedicine},
      volume       = {53},
      issn         = {2589-5370},
      address      = {Amsterdam},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2022-01571},
      pages        = {101651},
      year         = {2022},
      note         = {CC BY: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/},
      abstract     = {Reliable estimates of frequency, severity and associated
                      factors of both fatigue and cognitive impairment after
                      COVID-19 are needed. Also, it is not clear whether the two
                      are distinct sequelae of COVID-19 or part of the same
                      syndrome.'In this prospective multicentre study, frequency
                      of post-COVID fatigue and cognitive impairment were assessed
                      in n = 969 patients (535 $[55\%]$ female) ≥6 months after
                      SARS-CoV-2 infection with the FACIT-Fatigue scale (cut-off
                      ≤30) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (≤25 mild, ≤17
                      moderate impairment) between November 15, 2020 and September
                      29, 2021 at University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein,
                      Campus Kiel and University Hospital Würzburg in Germany.
                      969 matched non-COVID controls were drawn from a
                      pre-pandemic, randomised, Germany-wide population survey
                      which also included the FACIT-Fatigue scale. Associated
                      sociodemographic, comorbid, clinical, psychosocial factors
                      and laboratory markers were identified with univariate and
                      multivariable linear regression models.On average 9 months
                      after infection, $19\%$ of patients had clinically relevant
                      fatigue, compared to $8\%$ of matched non-COVID controls (p
                      < 0.001). Factors associated with fatigue were female
                      gender, younger age, history of depression and the number of
                      acute COVID symptoms. Among acute COVID symptoms, altered
                      consciousness, dizziness and myalgia were most strongly
                      associated with long-term fatigue. Moreover, $26\%$ of
                      patients had mild and $1\%$ had moderate cognitive
                      impairment. Factors associated with cognitive impairment
                      were older age, male gender, shorter education and a history
                      of neuropsychiatric disease. There was no significant
                      correlation between fatigue and cognitive impairment and
                      only $5\%$ of patients suffered from both conditions.Fatigue
                      and cognitive impairment are two common, but distinct
                      sequelae of COVID-19 with potentially separate
                      pathophysiological pathways.German Federal Ministry of
                      Education and Research (BMBF).},
      keywords     = {CI, confidence interval (Other) / COVID-19 (Other) /
                      COVID-19, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Other) / CRP, C-reactive
                      protein (Other) / CSF, cerebrospinal fluid (Other) /
                      Cognitive dysfunction (Other) / Fatigue (Other) / GAD-7,
                      7-item anxiety screening questionnaire (Other) / MoCA,
                      Montreal Cognitive Assessment (Other) / NAPKON, National
                      Pandemic Cohort Network (Other) / PCR, polymerase chain
                      reaction (Other) / PHQ-8, 8-item depression module of the
                      Patient Health Questionnaire (Other) / PSQI, Pittsburgh
                      Sleep Quality Index (Other) / Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome
                      (Other) / SARS-CoV-2 (Other) / SARS-CoV-2, Severe Acute
                      Respiratory Distress Syndrome caused by Corona Virus 2
                      (Other) / VIF, variance inflation factor (Other)},
      cin          = {AG Endres},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)1811005},
      pnm          = {353 - Clinical and Health Care Research (POF4-353)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-353},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:36133318},
      pmc          = {pmc:PMC9482331},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101651},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/165278},
}