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@ARTICLE{Brosseron:169379,
      author       = {Brosseron, Frederic and Maass, Anne and Kleineidam, Luca
                      and Ravichandran, Kishore Aravind and Kolbe, Carl-Christian
                      and Wolfsgruber, Steffen and Santarelli, Francesco and
                      Häsler, Lisa M and McManus, Róisín and Ising, Christina
                      and Röske, Sandra and Peters, Oliver and Cosma,
                      Nicoleta-Carmen and Schneider, Luisa-Sophie and Wang, Xiao
                      and Priller, Josef and Spruth, Eike J and Altenstein, Slawek
                      and Schneider, Anja and Fliessbach, Klaus and Wiltfang, Jens
                      and Schott, Björn H and Buerger, Katharina and Janowitz,
                      Daniel and Dichgans, Martin and Perneczky, Robert and
                      Rauchmann, Boris-Stephan and Teipel, Stefan and Kilimann,
                      Ingo and Görß, Doreen and Laske, Christoph and Munk,
                      Matthias H and Düzel, Emrah and Yakupov, Renat and Dobisch,
                      Laura and Metzger, Coraline D and Glanz, Wenzel and Ewers,
                      Michael and Dechent, Peter and Haynes, John Dylan and
                      Scheffler, Klaus and Roy, Nina and Rostamzadeh, Ayda and
                      Spottke, Annika and Ramirez, Alfredo and Mengel, David and
                      Synofzik, Matthis and Jucker, Mathias and Latz, Eicke and
                      Jessen, Frank and Wagner, Michael and Heneka, Michael T},
      collaboration = {group, DELCODE study},
      title        = {{S}erum {IL}-6, s{AXL}, and {YKL}-40 as systemic correlates
                      of reduced brain structure and function in {A}lzheimer's
                      disease: results from the {DELCODE} study.},
      journal      = {Alzheimer's research $\&$ therapy},
      volume       = {15},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {1758-9193},
      address      = {London},
      publisher    = {BioMed Central},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2023-00143},
      pages        = {13},
      year         = {2023},
      abstract     = {Neuroinflammation constitutes a pathological hallmark of
                      Alzheimer's disease (AD). Still, it remains unresolved if
                      peripheral inflammatory markers can be utilized for research
                      purposes similar to blood-based beta-amyloid and
                      neurodegeneration measures. We investigated experimental
                      inflammation markers in serum and analyzed interrelations
                      towards AD pathology features in a cohort with a focus on
                      at-risk stages of AD.Data of 74 healthy controls (HC), 99
                      subjective cognitive decline (SCD), 75 mild cognitive
                      impairment (MCI), 23 AD relatives, and 38 AD subjects were
                      obtained from the DELCODE cohort. A panel of 20 serum
                      biomarkers was determined using immunoassays. Analyses were
                      adjusted for age, sex, APOE status, and body mass index and
                      included correlations between serum and CSF marker levels
                      and AD biomarker levels. Group-wise comparisons were based
                      on screening diagnosis and routine AD biomarker-based
                      schematics. Structural imaging data were combined into
                      composite scores representing Braak stage regions and
                      related to serum biomarker levels. The Preclinical
                      Alzheimer's Cognitive Composite (PACC5) score was used to
                      test for associations between the biomarkers and cognitive
                      performance.Each experimental marker displayed an individual
                      profile of interrelations to AD biomarkers, imaging, or
                      cognition features. Serum-soluble AXL (sAXL), IL-6, and
                      YKL-40 showed the most striking associations. Soluble AXL
                      was significantly elevated in AD subjects with pathological
                      CSF beta-amyloid/tau profile and negatively related to
                      structural imaging and cognitive function. Serum IL-6 was
                      negatively correlated to structural measures of Braak
                      regions, without associations to corresponding IL-6 CSF
                      levels or other AD features. Serum YKL-40 correlated most
                      consistently to CSF AD biomarker profiles and showed the
                      strongest negative relations to structure, but none to
                      cognitive outcomes.Serum sAXL, IL-6, and YKL-40 relate to
                      different AD features, including the degree of
                      neuropathology and cognitive functioning. This may suggest
                      that peripheral blood signatures correspond to specific
                      stages of the disease. As serum markers did not reflect the
                      corresponding CSF protein levels, our data highlight the
                      need to interpret serum inflammatory markers depending on
                      the respective protein's specific biology and cellular
                      origin. These marker-specific differences will have to be
                      considered to further define and interpret blood-based
                      inflammatory profiles for AD research.},
      keywords     = {Alzheimer Disease: blood / Humans / Alzheimer Disease:
                      pathology / Interleukin-6 / Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1 /
                      Amyloid beta-Peptides / Brain: pathology / Cognitive
                      Dysfunction: diagnosis / Biomarkers / tau Proteins / Amyloid
                      beta-Peptides: cerebrospinal fluid / Biomarkers: blood /
                      Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1: blood / Cognitive Dysfunction:
                      blood / Interleukin-6: blood / tau Proteins: cerebrospinal
                      fluid / Alzheimer’s disease (Other) / Alzheimer’s
                      disease (Other) / Biomarker (Other) / Blood-based (Other) /
                      Cognition (Other) / Inflammation (Other) / Structural MRI
                      (Other) / Interleukin-6 (NLM Chemicals) / Chitinase-3-Like
                      Protein 1 (NLM Chemicals) / Amyloid beta-Peptides (NLM
                      Chemicals) / Biomarkers (NLM Chemicals) / tau Proteins (NLM
                      Chemicals) / AXL protein, human (NLM Chemicals)},
      cin          = {Biomarker / AG Maaß / AG Wagner / AG Heneka ; AG Heneka /
                      AG Jucker / AG Dirnagl / AG Priller / AG Düzel / AG Endres
                      / AG Schneider / Patient Studies Bonn / AG Fischer / AG
                      Wiltfang / AG Dichgans / AG Teipel / AG Gasser / Core
                      Technical Staff / AG Simons / Clinical Research Platform
                      (CRP) / AG Latz ; AG Latz / AG Jessen / Delcode},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)1011301 / I:(DE-2719)1311001 /
                      I:(DE-2719)1011201 / I:(DE-2719)1011303 / I:(DE-2719)1210001
                      / I:(DE-2719)1810002 / I:(DE-2719)5000007 /
                      I:(DE-2719)5000006 / I:(DE-2719)1811005 / I:(DE-2719)1011305
                      / I:(DE-2719)1011101 / I:(DE-2719)1410002 /
                      I:(DE-2719)1410006 / I:(DE-2719)5000022 / I:(DE-2719)1510100
                      / I:(DE-2719)1210000 / I:(DE-2719)1340007 /
                      I:(DE-2719)1110008 / I:(DE-2719)1011401 / I:(DE-2719)1013024
                      / I:(DE-2719)1011102 / I:(DE-2719)5000034},
      pnm          = {353 - Clinical and Health Care Research (POF4-353) / 352 -
                      Disease Mechanisms (POF4-352) / 351 - Brain Function
                      (POF4-351)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-353 / G:(DE-HGF)POF4-352 /
                      G:(DE-HGF)POF4-351},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-2719)DELCODE-20140101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:36631909},
      pmc          = {pmc:PMC9835320},
      doi          = {10.1186/s13195-022-01118-0},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/169379},
}