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@ARTICLE{Ballarini:247521,
      author       = {Ballarini, Tommaso and Kuhn, Elizabeth and Röske, Sandra
                      and Altenstein, Slawek and Bartels, Claudia and Buchholz,
                      Friederike and Buerger, Katharina and Dechent, Peter and
                      Dobisch, Laura and Ewers, Michael and Fliessbach, Klaus and
                      Freiesleben, Silka Dawn and Frommann, Ingo and Gabelin,
                      Tatjana and Glanz, Wenzel and Görß, Doreen and Haynes,
                      John Dylan and Incesoy, Enise I and Janowitz, Daniel and
                      Kilimann, Ingo and Kleineidam, Luca and Kobeleva, Xenia and
                      Laske, Christoph and Lohse, Andrea and Maier, Franziska and
                      Munk, Matthias H and Perneczky, Robert and Peters, Oliver
                      and Priller, Josef and Rauchmann, Boris Stephan and Roy,
                      Nina and Scheffler, Klaus and Schneider, Anja and Schott,
                      Björn H and Spottke, Annika and Spruth, Eike Jakob and
                      Teipel, Stefan and Wiltfang, Jens and Wolfsgruber, Steffen
                      and Düzel, Emrah and Jessen, Frank and Wagner, Michael},
      collaboration = {group, DELCODE study},
      title        = {{L}inking early-life bilingualism and cognitive advantage
                      in older adulthood.},
      journal      = {Neurobiology of aging},
      volume       = {124},
      issn         = {0197-4580},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {DZNE-2023-00198},
      pages        = {18 - 28},
      year         = {2023},
      abstract     = {Previous studies have identified bilingualism as a
                      protective factor against dementia. Here we aimed to test
                      whether being bilingual at different life stages impacts
                      cognition and brain structure in older adulthood. We
                      included 746 participants from the DZNE-Longitudinal
                      Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Study (DELCODE).
                      Assessment of bilingualism at 3 life stages (early: 13-30,
                      middle: 30-65 and late: over 65 years old) was determined
                      with the Lifetime of Experiences Questionnaire. Individuals
                      reporting bilingualism (i.e., daily use of L2) in the early
                      life stage outperformed monolinguals on learning $\&$
                      memory, working-memory, executive functions and language.
                      Bilingualism in middle life stage showed a significant
                      advantage on learning $\&$ memory, while no effect of
                      bilingualism in old life stage was identified. Brain gray
                      matter volume was not associated with L2 use and did not
                      differ between groups. However, stronger correlations
                      between brain gray matter volume in selected brain regions
                      and cognitive performance were found in bilingual
                      participants in the early and middle life stages. Our
                      results indicate that bilingualism in early life might
                      provide a long-lasting protective effect on cognition and
                      shape the brain to sustain cognitive performance in older
                      adulthood.},
      keywords     = {Humans / Aged / Multilingualism / Cognition / Executive
                      Function / Brain / Dementia / Aging (Other) / Bilingualism
                      (Other) / Brain structure (Other) / Neuropsychology (Other)
                      / Voxel-based-morphometry (Other)},
      cin          = {AG Wagner / AG Endres / AG Dichgans / AG Dirnagl / AG
                      Düzel / AG Simons / Patient Studies Bonn / AG Jessen / KAP
                      / AG Teipel / AG Klockgether / AG Gasser / AG Priller /
                      Clinical Research Platform (CRP) / AG Wiltfang / AG
                      Schneider / AG Fischer / Delcode},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-2719)1011201 / I:(DE-2719)1811005 /
                      I:(DE-2719)5000022 / I:(DE-2719)1810002 / I:(DE-2719)5000006
                      / I:(DE-2719)1110008 / I:(DE-2719)1011101 /
                      I:(DE-2719)1011102 / I:(DE-2719)1340013 / I:(DE-2719)1510100
                      / I:(DE-2719)1011001 / I:(DE-2719)1210000 /
                      I:(DE-2719)5000007 / I:(DE-2719)1011401 / I:(DE-2719)1410006
                      / I:(DE-2719)1011305 / I:(DE-2719)1410002 /
                      I:(DE-2719)5000034},
      pnm          = {353 - Clinical and Health Care Research (POF4-353) / 352 -
                      Disease Mechanisms (POF4-352)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-353 / G:(DE-HGF)POF4-352},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-2719)DELCODE-20140101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:36706574},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.12.005},
      url          = {https://pub.dzne.de/record/247521},
}